Anti-Hypertensive

Question 1

Ace Inhibitors

Answer 1

Suppresses RAA system and simultaneously inhibits bradykinin degradation

Question 2

Ace inhibitors adverse effect

Answer 2

Common: photosensitivity, reduced vision, headache, hypotension, conjunctivitis
Distinguishing: cough, taste disturbances
SERIOUS ADVERSE EFFECTS
Hypersensitivity: angioedema*, eyelid edema
Ocular: blur, dry eyes, conjunctival or retinal hemes#, diplopia

Question 3

( ACE Inhibitors)

Benazepril

Answer 3

Lotensin

Question 4

Captopril

Answer 4

Capoten

Question 5

Enalapril

Answer 5

Vasotec

Question 6

Lisinopril

Answer 6

Prinivil

Zestil

Question 7

Quinapril

Answer 7

Accupril

Question 8

(Angiotensin II receptor antagonist ARBs)

Losartan

Answer 8

Cozaar

No cough

Question 9

(Anti arrhythmic)

Amiodarone

Answer 9

Cordarone

> 400mg Whorl Keratopathy

Question 10

( Beta Blockers)

Metoprolol-hydrochlorothiazide

Answer 10

Lopressor

Question 11

Atenolol

Answer 11

Tenormin

Question 12

Metoprolol Succinate

Answer 12

Toprol XL

Question 13

Labetalol

Answer 13

Trandate

Question 14

Propranolol

Answer 14

Inderal

Question 15

( Calcium Channel Blockers)

Diltiazem Hydrochloride

Answer 15

Cordizem

Question 16

Nifedipine

Answer 16

Procardia

Question 17

Verapamil

Answer 17

Calan

Isoptin

Question 18

Amlopidine

Answer 18

Norvasc

Question 19

( cGMP increaser )

Hydralazine

Answer 19

Apresoline

Mechanism of Action
Directly dilates peripheral vessels via hyperpolarization of vascular smooth muscle which thus inhibits Ca++ influx (depolarization)

Question 20

( Antieurythmics )

Digoxin

Answer 20

Lanoxin

Question 21

( Alpha 2 Agonist )

Clonidine

Answer 21

Catapres

Mechanism of Action
Stimulates central and spinal alpha-2 adrenergic receptors (pre-synaptic and post-junctional)

Question 22

( Diuretic)

Hydrochlorithiazide

Answer 22

Microzide
Esidrix

Mechanism of Action
Inhibits reabsorption of NaCl at distal convoluted tubule

Question 23

Hydrochlorodiazide Triamterene

Answer 23

Maxzide

Dyazide

Question 24

Chlorothiazide

Answer 24

Diuril

Question 25

Furosemide

Answer 25

Lasix Hypokalemia Nephrotoxic

Question 26

Mannitol

Answer 26

Osmitrol

Question 27

Spironolactone

Answer 27

Aldactone Antagonizes aldosterone receptors in distal convoluted tubule resulting in sodium/water loss and potassium retention

Question 28

Triamterene

Answer 28

Dyrenium

Question 29

Valsartan

Answer 29

Diovan

Question 30

ARBs | Adverse effects / Drug interactions

Answer 30

Common: h/a, dizziness Hypersensitivity: Angioedema, vasculitis DRUG INTERACTIONS NSAIDs (antagonism) Cyclosporine (hyperkalemia)

Question 31

CC-blockers | AE/ DI

Answer 31

ADVERSE EFFECTS Common: headache, dizziness Ocular: conjunctivitis, diplopia, pain ``` DRUG INTERACTIONS Dexamethasone (enhance metabolism) Cyclosporine, erythromycins, azoles (suppress metabolism) Ophthalmic Alpha-2 agonists (additive) Ophthalmic Beta-blockers (additive) ```

Question 32

Terazosin - alpha -1 receptor blocker

Answer 32

Hytrin

Question 33

Beta-Blockers MOA

Answer 33

Selective competitive antagonism of β1 receptors reducing systolic BP and CO via negative inotropic and chronotropic effects Central acting inhibition of sympathetic outflow Suppression of renin activity

Question 34

Beta-Blockers AE

Answer 34

Common: visual disturbances, Decrease tear secretion -> dry eye syndrome, headache Distinguishing: depression, STM loss Ocular: increased migrainous scotomata, reduced IOP, glaucoma progression, exacerbation of myasthenia gravis

Question 35

Diuretic MOA

Answer 35

Inhibits reabsorption of NaCl at | proximal/distal convoluted tubule & loop of Henle

Question 36

Furosemide AE

Answer 36

Common: blurred vision, hypotension, pruritus Hypersensitivity: Stevens-Johnson syndrome, erythema multiforme CVS: Decrease K+, vasculitis Hematology: Anemia

Question 37

Furosemide DI

Answer 37

Aminoglycosides (additive nephrotoxicity) NSAIDs (induced ototoxicity & antagonism) Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (prolong QT interval) Erythromycins (prolong QT interval) Hypersensitivity to sulfonamides

Question 38

Hydrochlorothiazide-AE

Answer 38

Common: photosensitivity, headache Hypersensitivity: Erythema multiforme, Stevens-Johnson syndrome Hematology: Anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia Ocular: Angle closure glaucoma

Question 39

Hydrochlorothiazide-DI

Answer 39

DRUG INTERACTIONS CAIs (synergy) NSAIDs (antagonistic) Erythromycins (QT prolongation)

Question 40

Spironolactone AE/DI

Answer 40

Common: headache Distinguishing: gynecomastia, menstrual irregularities IMPORTANT DRUG INTERACTIONS Cyclosporine (hyperkalemia) NSAIDs (reduced BP lowering)

Question 41

Clonodine AE/DI

Answer 41

ADVERSE EFFECTS Common: headache, dizziness Serious: angioedema

Question 42

Hydralazin AE/DI

Answer 42

Common: headache, lupus erythematosus NSAIDs (antagonistic)