Anti-hypertensive Drugs Flashcards
(39 cards)
How is hypertension defined in adults older than 60?
Persistent SBP greater 150 and/or DBP greater than 90
How is hypertension defined in adults younger than 60?
SBP greater than 140 and/or DBP greater than 90
How is blood pressured measured?
Cardiac output x systemic vascular resistance
What is normal cardiac output?
4-8L/min
What is SVR?
Systemic Vascular Resistance; determined by vascular diameter and masculature
What is essential or primary hypertension?
When the cause is unknown
What is secondary hypertension?
Everything that’s not primary
What are the 7 main categories of hypertension drugs?
VICARDD
1) Vasodilators
2) Inhibitors (ACE & ARBs)
3) CCBs
4) Adrenergic
5) Renin Inhibitors
6) Diuretics
Describe what part of the body these drug subcategories work on:
1) Adrenergic neuron blockers
2) a2 receptor agonists
3) a1receptors blockers
4) b receptor blockers
5) combo a&b blockers
1) central and peripheral
2) central
3) peripheral
4) peripheral
5) peripheral
Name two a2 Receptor Agonist drugs
Clonidine
Methyldopa
How do a2 receptor agonist drugs work?
- They stimulate the a2 receptors in the brain
- This causes lower outflow of CNS
- Results in lack of norepinephrine which reduces blood pressure
- Also stimulates the kidneys which reduces activity of renin
Name 4 a1 receptor blocker drugs
Doxazosin
Prazosin
Terazosin
Tamsulosin
How do a1 Receptor Blocker drugs work?
- They block the a1 receptors from being stimulated by epinephrine which normally would cause blood pressure to rise
Name 2 combo receptor drugs
Labetalol
Carvedilol
What else are a1 Receptor Blockers useful for especially in men?
Relieve symptoms of BPH
What are contraindications of adrenergic drugs?
- Acute heart failure
- Current use of Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors
- Peptic Ulcers
- Severe liver/kidney disease
What are the most common adverse affects of adrenergic drugs?
BEDS DDDC
- Bradycardia
- Edema
- Depression
- Sexual Dysfunction
- Dry mouth
- Dizziness
- Drowsiness
- Constipation
What suffix indicates an ACE Inhibitor drug?
-Pril
What is a prodrug?
A drug that is administered in its inactive form and must be metabolized by the body to its active form
What 2 ACE Inhibitors are not prodrugs?
Captopril
Lisinopril
(best in a patient with liver dysfunction)
Can pregnant women take ACE Inhibitors?
Fuck no
How do ACE Inhibitors work?
Prevent ACE (Angiotensin Converting Enzyme) from converting Angiotensin I into Angiotensin II
Which drugs are the drug of choice for patients with hypertension and heart failure and patients with diabetes? Why?
ACE Inhibitors; They prevent ventricular remodeling and hypertrophy after an MI and have protective effects on the kidneys
What are contraindications of ACE inhibitors?
- 5mEq/L or more of potassium
- Pregnancy
