Anti-hypertensive Drugs Flashcards Preview

Applied Pharmacology > Anti-hypertensive Drugs > Flashcards

Flashcards in Anti-hypertensive Drugs Deck (24)
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1
Q

How do ACE inhibitors work?

A

They block the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II by stopping the Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) in the lungs which stops the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and preventing vasoconstriction.

2
Q

How do angiotensin receptor blockers work?

A

They bind to angiotensin receptors to prevent vasoconstriction and the release of aldosterone.

3
Q

How do calcium channel antagonists work?

A

They prevent the movement of calcium into the cardiac and smooth muscle cells and interfere with the muscles ability to contract.

4
Q

How do beta-blockers work?

A

They decrease the release of renin to prevent vasoconstriction and cardiac contraction and increase blood flow to the kidneys.

5
Q

How do alpha-blockers work?

A

They inhibit post-synaptic alpha-adrenergic receptors which block the action of NaCl and adrenaline. This decreases sympathetic tone and causes vasodilation.

6
Q

Now do thiazide-like diuretics work?

A

They increase the excretion of sodium and water from the kidneys which affects blood volume and lowers blood pressure.

7
Q

How do vasodilators work?

A

These are for emergencies and cause direct vasodilation.

8
Q

What are examples of ACE inhibitors?

A
  • Captopril
  • Enalapril
  • Moexipril
  • Ramipril
9
Q

What are examples of angiotensin receptor blockers?

A
  • Cardesartan
  • Eprosartan
  • lrbesartan
  • Olmesartan
10
Q

What are examples of calcium channel blockers?

A
  • Amlodipine
  • Felodipine
  • Isradipine
  • Nicardipine
  • Verapamil
11
Q

What are examples of Beta-blockers?

A
  • Atenolol
  • Metaprolol
  • Propanolol
  • Sotalol
12
Q

What are examples of alpha-blockers?

A
  • Prozosin
  • Terazosin
  • Doxazosin
13
Q

What are examples of thiazide-like diuretics?

A
  • Bendroflumethiazide
14
Q

What are examples of vasodilators?

A
  • Diazoxide
  • Hydrazine
15
Q

What are the side effects of ACE inhibitors?

A
  • dizziness,
  • headache,
  • drowsiness,
  • diarrhea,
  • low blood pressure,
  • weakness,
  • cough, and.
  • rash
16
Q

What are the side effects of Angiotensin Receptor Blockers?

A
  • headache.
  • fainting.
  • dizziness.
  • nasal congestion.
  • diarrhea.
  • back pain.
  • leg pain.
17
Q

What are the side effects of Calcium Channel Antagonists?

A
  • headache,
  • constipation,
  • rash,
  • nausea,
  • flushing,
  • edema (fluid accumulation in tissues),
  • drowsiness,
  • low blood pressure
  • Dizziness
18
Q

What are the side effects of beta-blockers?

A
  • Fatigue.
  • Cold hands.
  • Headache.
  • Upset stomach.
  • Constipation.
  • Diarrhea.
  • Dizziness.
  • Shortness of breath
  • Impaired concentration
  • Aggregation of asthma.
19
Q

What are the side effects of alpha-blockers

A
  • Headaches or nausea
  • Swelling of the ankles or legs
  • Feeling tired or lethargic
  • Feeling dizzy
  • Sudden drop in blood pressure when sitting or standing up
  • Other possible side effects include sleep disturbance, tremor, rash or itchy skin, and rarely problems with erections in men
20
Q

What are the side effects of thiazide-like diuretics?

A
  • Hypokalaemia
  • Reduced insulin release
  • Increased plasma lipid and urate - gout
  • dizziness and lightheadedness,
  • blurred vision,
  • loss of appetite,
  • itching,
  • stomach upset,
  • headache, and
  • weakness.
21
Q

What are the side effects of vasodilators?

A
  • Chest pain.
  • Rapid heartbeat (tachycardia)
  • Heart palpitations.
  • Fluid retention (edema)
  • Nausea.
  • Vomiting.
  • Dizziness.
  • Flushing.
22
Q

Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action of diltiazem?

A

Blocks voltage-operated calcium channels in cardiac muscle

23
Q

Oedema (swollen ankles) is a common side-effect of which of the following classes of anti-hypertensive drug?

A

Calcium channel blockers

24
Q

Losartan is often preferred to enalapril in the treatment of hypertension because it

A

does not cause a dry cough