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anti-hypertensives Flashcards

(41 cards)

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1
Q

nitroprusside - duration of action

A

short acting

acts within minutes

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2
Q

tx for malignant hypertension

A 
nitroprusside
nicardipine
clevidipine
labetolol
fenoldopam
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3
Q

nitroprusside - mechanism of action

A

vasodilator

  • generates NO, which activates guanylyl cyclase and increases cGMP
  • acts on arterioles > venules
  • decreases PVR (afterload) and venous return (preload)
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4
Q

nitroprusside - toxicity

A

cyanide toxicity - generates cyanide –> (tx: buffer CN w/ Na nitrite to convert Hb to MetHb, infuse Na thiosulfate to convert CN to thiocyanate)
rapid decrease in MAP

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5
Q

nitroprusside - clinical uses

A
  • hypertensive crisis / malignant hypertension
  • achieve hypotension in SURGERY
  • ICU management of decompensated heart failure
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6
Q

nitroprusside - clinical uses

A

hypertensive crisis / malignant hypertension
achieve hypotension in SURGERY
ICU management of decompensated heart failure

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7
Q

nitropress (trade name)

A

nitroprusside (generic name)

a.k.a. SNP (sodium nitroprusside)

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8
Q

nifedipine - type of antihypertensive

A

calcium channel blocker (CCB) - dihydropyridine

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9
Q

nifedipine - mechanism of action

A

CCB

  • blocks voltage sensitive Ca++ channels (dihydropyridine, L-type)
  • relaxes VSM, decreasing PVR (afterload) –> decreases MAP, resulting in reflex tachycardia (increase in sympathetic drive and HR)
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10
Q

nitroprusside - type of antihypertensive

A

vasodilator

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11
Q

nifedipine - mechanism of action

A

CCB

  • blocks voltage sensitive Ca++ channels
  • relaxes VSM, decreasing PVR (afterload) –> decreases MAP, resulting in reflex tachycardia (increase in sympathetic drive and HR)
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12
Q

nifedipine - mechanism of action

A

CCB

  • blocks voltage sensitive Ca++ channels
  • relaxes VSM, decreasing PVR (afterload) –> decreases MAP, resulting in reflex increase in sympathetic drive and HR
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13
Q

nifedipine - type of antihypertensive

A

calcium channel blocker (CCB) - dihydropyridine

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14
Q

nifedipine - type of antihypertensive

A

calcium channel blocker (CCB) - VSM selective

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15
Q

nifedipine - mechanism of action

A

CCB

  • blocks voltage sensitive Ca++ channels
  • relaxes VSM, decreasing PVR –> decreases MAP, resulting in reflex increase in sympathetic drive and HR
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16
Q

nifedipine - mechanism of action

A

CCB
-blocks voltage sensitive Ca++ channels
-relaxes VSM, decreasing PVR –> decreases MAP, resulting in reflex increase in sympathetic drive and HR
-

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17
Q

nifedipine - type of antihypertensive

Study These Flashcards
A

calcium channel blocker

18
Q

nifedipine - mechanism of action

19
Q

nifedipine - duration of action

20
Q

nifedipine - clinical uses

Study These Flashcards
A

prevention of vasospasm after SAH

21
Q

nifedipine - toxicity

22
Q

nifedipine - selectivity

Study These Flashcards
A

VSM selective

23
Q

procardia (trade name)

Study These Flashcards
A

nifedipine (generic name)

24
Q

nifedipine - clinical uses

Study These Flashcards
A
  • CAD
  • HTN
  • SVT
  • prevention of vasospasm after SAH
25
nifedipine - clinical uses
* CAD * HTN * SVT * prevention of vasospasm after SAH **less effective post-MI than beta blockers
26
nifedipine - adverse effects
x
27
procardia (trade name)
nifedipine (generic name)
28
nifedipine - contraindications
*acute MI - can worsen outcome (decr PVR --> decr MAP --> incr sympathetics and HR)
29
nifedipine - adverse effects
* dizziness * nausea * HA * flushing * hypoTN * peripheral edema * arrhythmia (prolonged QT, V-tach) * constipation * *gingival inflammation/hyperplasia
30
nifedipine - contraindications
*acute MI - can worsen outcome (decr PVR --> decr MAP --> incr sympathetics and HR)
31
nifedipine - adverse effects
* *gingival inflammation/hyperplasia * hypoTN * HA * peripheral edema * dizziness * flushing *arrhythmia (prolonged QT, V-tach)
32
nifedipine - contraindications
*acute MI - can worsen outcome (decr PVR --> decr MAP --> reflex tachycardia)
33
nifedipine - contraindications
*acute MI - can worsen outcome (decr PVR --> decr MAP --> reflex tachycardia)
34
nifedipine - clinical uses
* HTN * anti-anginal (e.g. angina pectoris, Prinzmetal angina) * CAD * prevention of vasospasm after SAH * tocolytic (premature labor) * Raynaud's * *less effective post-MI than beta blockers * *NOT for arrhythmia
35
procardia (trade name) | adalat
nifedipine (generic name)
36
nifedipine - clinical uses
* HTN (3rd line, except in AA - 1st line) * anti-anginal (e.g. angina pectoris, Prinzmetal angina) * CAD * prevention of vasospasm after SAH * tocolytic (premature labor) * Raynaud's * *less effective post-MI than beta blockers * *NOT for arrhythmia (not cardio-selective)
37
nifedipine - clinical uses
* HTN (3rd line, except in AA - 1st line) * anti-anginal (e.g. angina pectoris, Prinzmetal angina) * CAD * prevention of vasospasm after SAH * tocolytic (premature labor) - comparable to Mg, fewer SE * Raynaud's * *less effective post-MI than beta blockers * *NOT for arrhythmia (not cardio-selective)
38
nifedipine - adverse effects
* *gingival inflammation/hyperplasia * hypoTN * HA * reflex tachycardia * peripheral edema * dizziness * flushing
39
procardia (trade name) | adalat - sustained release
nifedipine (generic name)
40
nifedipine - contraindications
*acute MI - can worsen outcome (decr PVR --> decr MAP --> reflex tachycardia)
41
nifedipine - drug-drug interactions
grapefruit - increases drug level

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