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Pharm 4 > Anti-infective III > Flashcards

Anti-infective III Flashcards

1
Q

T or F. Clindamycin, vancomycin and the macrolides are all in the same drug class.

A

F. They are 3 separate drug classes.

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2
Q

What does Clindamycin cover?

A

Gram +, anaerobes.

NO GRAM -.

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3
Q

Indications for Clindamycin? What other Abx is also used for this and is actually preferred?

A

Acne (topical application)

Tetracycline - Minocycline (acne + inflammation)

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4
Q

Clindamycin is/is not typically used for enterococcus infections.
Is it cheap or expensive?

A

is not used for enterococcus

Expensive

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5
Q

Why might dentists use clindamycin?

A

abscesses - it is pH stable and can penetrate acidic abscesses

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6
Q

What is the #1 drug that may cause C.diff?

A

Clindamycin (10% of all C. Diff infections)

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7
Q

What is Mupirocin active against?

A

Gram + causing skin infections (SA)- folliculitis, impetigo, and nasal staph.

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8
Q

Mupirocin is only available ____.

A

topically

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9
Q

What is the DOC for nasal staph? impetigo?

A

Mupirocin (Bactroban)

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10
Q

Linezolid is used for treatment of what type of infections?

A

Serious infections caused by MRSA or VRE

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11
Q

What is the advantage of using Linezolid over IV vancomycin?

A

Linezolid has excellent bioavailability and absorbed orally…so it can be given PO. Patients then do not have to have a home health nurse.

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12
Q

Name 2 AEs of Linezolid.

A
  1. Thrombocytopenia

2. Reversible weak MAO-I…do not combine with SSRI for fear of 5-HT syndrome

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13
Q

Name an OTC weak MAO-I.

A

St. John’s Wart - SSRI

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14
Q

What is another option other than IV vancomycin for MRSA infection?

A

Linezolid (Zyvox)

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15
Q

Importance of Daptomycin?

A

BACK UP COVERAGE for gram +, including PCN-resistant SA or MRSA, enterococci

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16
Q

Importance of Quinupristin-Dalfopristin?

A

BACK UP COVERAGE for VRE.

17
Q

What do aminoglycosides cover? What purpose does it usually have?

A

Gram - (PA), and enterococci (+)

Add to other Abx for synergy.

18
Q

Name 5 aminoglycosides. Are they absorbed orally?

A

Gentamicin, Amikacin, Neomycin, Tobramycin, Streptomycin (GANTS)
Not absorbed orally

19
Q

What is the brand name for Neomycin? Why might you use PO neomycin?

A

Neosporin.

to lesson severity of hepatic encephalopathy

20
Q

Why would you use Neomycin for hepatic encephalopathy? What is the only possible AE?

A

It kills bacteria that chew up the food in your GI tract, thus decreasing the ammonia that gets into the blood stream. Ammonia acts as GABA in the brain.
AE - diarrhea

21
Q

What are 2 AEs of the aminoglycosides?

A

Nephrotoxicity

Ototoxicity

22
Q

What 3 drugs may cause ototoxicity - tinnitus?

A

ASA OD
Loop Diuretics - Lasix, Furosemide (pushing it too fast)
Aminoglycosides

23
Q

What does QIDP stand for? Why would you use these drugs?

A

Qualified Infectious Disease Products
Tx of acute bacterial skin, skin structure infections (ABSSSI) …caused by Gram +, including SA, MSSA, MRSA, strep pyogenes
FAST TRACK simple MRSA Tx

24
Q

Nitrazoxanide is anti-______ and used for the treatment of __________. What bugs does it cover?

A

anti-protozoa
Diarrhea
Cryptosporidium or Giardia

25
Q

Rifaximin is used to treat _______________ caused by non-invasive strains of ________. It also has potential efficacy against 3 other bugs…what are they?

A 
Travelor's Diarrhea
E. Coli
1. C. jejuni
2. Shigella
3. Salmonella - chicken, eggs
26
Q

Would you want Rifaximin to have high or low PO absorption?

A

low - treat GI tract infections

27
Q

What two Abx are considered helpful in treating hepatic encephalopathy?

A

PO neomycin

PO Rifaximin

28
Q

Nitrofurantoin (Macrobid) is used to safely treat ________ in what 2 patient populations?

A

uncomplicated UTIs

pregnant women and nursing home people

29
Q

What 3 drugs are used for uncomplicated UTIs?

A

Norfloxacin
Bactrim
Nitrofurantoin (Macrobid)

Pharm 4 (5 decks)

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