- bacteriostatic and bacteriocidal in large doses - inhibit protein synthesis Advers: GI

- broad spectrum bactericidal - inhibit cell wall synthesis Adverse: drug induced seizures

- baceteriostatic and bacteriocidal - inhibit cell wall synthesis - broad spectrum (gram +/-) - Structurally similar to penicillin -- has cross sensitivity issues with Penicillin (1-4%) Can cause GI symptoms

TB treatment - People with a + TB test & latent TB get this med which they'll take for months - can be used prophylaxis

- broad spectrum bacteriostatic - increased resistance - For individuals with penicillin allergies Treats: H. Pylori, chlamydia, PID, acne, UTI, syphilis

1st generation cephalosporin - Gram + - Compliance issue: 4x/day drug

Anti-infectives Flashcards by Komal Wells

Vancomycin (Vancocin)

Active against gram+

Use: severe infections; MRSA, VRE
Poorly absorbed in GI but given po for C.difficile
Given IV: “red man syndrome” (drug infused too rapidly)

Need drug levels, ototoxicity, nephotoxicity

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enfuvirtide (Fuzeon)

Fusion inhibitor

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metronidazole (Flagyl)

use: anaerobic organisms in intraabdominal and gyn infections, trichomoniasis (std)
po or IV
do not use ETOH

-adverse: dizziness, HA, GI

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Azithromycin (Zithromax)

Commonly ordered and appealing

500mg 1st day
250mg 4 days after

To treat: staph, strep, gonorrhea, chlamydia

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Erythromycin (E-mycin)

Macrolide

Compliance issue: 4x a day

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Fusion inhibitors

Suppresses the fusion process where a virus attaches to outer membrane of T-cell before entering into cell and replicating.

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macrolides

bacteriostatic and bacteriocidal in large doses
inhibit protein synthesis

Advers: GI

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indinavir (Norvair)

protease inhibitor

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carbapenems

broad spectrum bactericidal
inhibit cell wall synthesis

Adverse: drug induced seizures

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cefepime (Maxipime)

4th generation cephalosporin

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ceftriaxone (Rocephin)

3rd generation cephalosporin

specifically used for gonorrhea

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Protease inhibitors

Inhibits protease retroviral enzyme, which promotes the break-up of chain protein molecules – This process is necessary for viral replication

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delavirdine (Rescriptor)

Non-NRTI

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tenoforvir (Viread)

NRTI

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cefoxetan (Cefotan)

2nd generation cephalosporin

Surgical prophylaxis to prevent infection

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Cephalosporins

baceteriostatic and bacteriocidal
inhibit cell wall synthesis
broad spectrum (gram +/-)
Structurally similar to penicillin – has cross sensitivity issues with Penicillin (1-4%)

Can cause GI symptoms

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isoniazid (INH)

TB treatment

People with a + TB test & latent TB get this med which they’ll take for months
can be used prophylaxis

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permethrin (Nix)

used to treat head lice, pediculosis (body lice)

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Tetracyclines

broad spectrum bacteriostatic
increased resistance
For individuals with penicillin allergies

Treats: H. Pylori, chlamydia, PID, acne, UTI, syphilis

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cephalexin (Keflex)

1st generation cephalosporin

Gram +
Compliance issue: 4x/day drug

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tetracycline HCL (Achromycin)

Can cause renal failure

Do not give to kids under 8 years due to yellow staining of teeth and do not give to pregnant women

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silver sulfadiazine (Silvadene)

Topical for 2nd and 3rd degree burns - used to treat infections

Watch for sulfa allergies

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fosfomycin (Monurol)

sulfa drug

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phenazopyridine (Pyridium)

sulfa drug

Used in treatment for UTI - Causes decreases in burning associated with UTI but turns pee red/orange

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trimethprim/sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim)

Drug most associated with "sulfa allergy" Mostly used for UTI

imipenem cilastatin (Primaxin)

IV - complicated body cavity and connective tissue infections in the acutely ill hospitalized patients - used to treat staph and ecoli Carbapenem

Sulfonamides

Inhibit bacteria Used for UTI Can cause N/V/D and allergies

Antiparasitic

used in treatment of living organisms that survive on another

benzoyl peroxide

dermatologic agent drying agent used for acne

Betadine and Chloroprep

dermatologic agent Skin prep used prior to procedures or surgeries

pyrazinamide (Tebrazid)

TB treatment

bacitracin or Neomycin

Topical antibacterial for infections

ethambutol (Myambutol)

TB treatment

zidovadine (AZT)

NRTI for HIV/AIDS

Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors

Stop abnormal replication | - DNA is synthesized from RNA rather than the opposite.

Antifungals

disrupt cell membrane

amphotericin B (Fungizone)

- IV only - extremely potent - used in life-threatening fungal infections only - Must be pre-treated with pain meds prior to administration - Can cause: chills, fever, hypotension and is painful to receive

nystatin (Mycostatin)

topical agent given to treat an oral candidiasis or vaginal thrush

gentamicin (Garamycin)

IM or IV treatment of meningitis or endocarditis aminoglycoside

rifampin (Rifaidin)

TB treatment

Dermatologic agents

For skin - applied topically, many are OTC

Zocin

Extended spectrum penicillin will treat gram - and anaerobic agents used in hospitals for nosocomial infections

amoxicillin

Penicillin Resistance issues - higher doses must be prescribed

brimonidine (Alphagen)

Alpha 2 adrenergic agonist Decreased Intraocular Pressure (IOP)

Opthalmic agents

- prevent systematic absorption | - ointments have higher drug concentration

tobramycin (Nebcin)

aminoglycoside

streptomycin

IM or for TB treatment Watch for nephrotoxicity/ototoxicity aminoglycoside

Aminoglycoside

- bactericidal - inhibit protein synthesis - serious gram - infections and active resistant TB - NO po - Often combined with ampicillin - Peak/Trough levels: measured to see renal clearance for the measurement of drug toxicity. Trough is more important.

pilocarpine (Pilocar)

Cholingeric drops - increase outflow of aqueous humor

timolol (Timoptic)

Betablocker drops - decrease the production of the aqueous humor

penicillin G

penicillin general Adverse effects: allergy, neurotoxicity, GI symps Nursing Imp: allergic reaction, yogurt for diarrhea

Erythromycin drops (Ilotycin)

Given to newborns - to treat neonatal conjuctivitis caused by chlamydia

Sufacetamide

antimicrobial for eyes

Atropine sulfate

Drops used to dilate eyes for examination

Penicillin

- bacteriostatic and bacteriocidal - gram + - used for: strep, pneumococcal pneumonia, endocarditis, and meningitis

fluconazole (Diflucan)

- po or IV | - preferred over amphotericin B due to less adverse effects

clotrimazole (Lotimin)

- po, topical or intravaginal antifungal

trabinafine (Lamisil)

- topical for ringworm | - po for toe fungus

zanamirvir (Relenza)

inhibits replication of Influenza A (and/or B) virus - Must be taken within 2 days of symptoms or less May cause broncospasms in asthamatics

acyclovir (Zovirax)

- IV, po, or topical - anti-viral: Inhibits viral reproduction - used for genital herpes - only lessens pain and decreases lesions

mebendazole (Vermox)

used in treatment of pinworms (enterobiasis)

gamma benzene hexachloride (Kwell)

used in treatment of itch mites (scabies)

Anti-infectives Flashcards

(62 cards)