Anti-Infectives Flashcards by Jessie Lincoln

AMIKACIN, GENTAMICIN, TOBRAMYCIN

Amikin, Garamycin, Tobrex

Treatment of severe systemic infections of CNS, respiratory, GI, GU, bone, skin, soft tissue and acute PID
IV over 30 min to 1 hr
IM deep and slow injection
NEVER subcut
Careful monitoring of blood levels, peak 2 hours after
Monitor for signs of superinfection
Immediately report hearing or balance problems
Encourage fluids
Preg Cat D

Side Effects:
Use when preggo -- bilateral congenital deafness
Ototoxcitiy cranial nerve 9
Nepthrotoxicity
Fever, difficulty breathing, rash
Vertigo
Tinnintus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

AMPHOTERICIN B

Abelcet, Amphotec, Fungizone

Do not mix
Treatment of histoplasmosis, skin infections, septicemia, meningitis in HIV+
Monitor VS, fever, change in nervous system
Check for hypokalemia
Meticulous care and observation of injection site
Weight pros and cons
Preg Cat B

Side Effects:
Blood, kidney, heart and liver abnormalities, GI upset, Hypokalemia, muscle pain CNS disturbance, inefficient hearing, skin irritation, rash, fever, malaise, hypo-tension, HA, nephrotoxicity

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

FLUCONAZOLE

Diflucan

Treat vaginal, esophageal, or systemic candidiasis
Prothrombin time increased after use of warfarin
Take missed dose ASAP, do not double dose
Monitor glucose levels
Preg Cat C

Side Effects:
Nausea, HA, abdominal pain, diarrhea, taste distortion

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE

Plaquenil

Anti-malarias
Management of malaria, lupus, rheumatoid arthritis
Peak 1-2 hr
Same time each day
Give with meat to decrease GI distress
Start 2wk before exposure, continue 4-6 weeks after
Preg C

Side Effects:
Eye disturbances
N/V
Anorexia
Rash, HA
Loss of hair

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

QUININE SULFATE

Treatment of malaria, nocturnal leg cramps
Peak 1-3 hr
Take at the same time
Avoid OTC cold meds, tonic water
May increase digoxin
OTC
Preg Cat X

Side effects:
Eye disturbances
N/V
Anorexia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

METRONIDAZOLE

Flagyl

Anti-protozoals
Treatment of a wide variety of infections, including trichomoniasis and giardiasis
IV- immediate onset
PO- peak 1-2hr
Urine may turn dark reddish-brown
Treatment of both partners 
DO NOT DRINK 
Preg Cat B

Side Effects:
HA
Dizziness
N/V, diarrhea
Abdominal cramps
Metallic taste

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

ISONIAZID

INH

Anti-tuberculars
Prevention and treatment of TB
Contact physician for signs of hepatitis: yellow eyes and skin, N/V, anorexia, dark urine, unusual tiredness or weakness
Contact for signs of peripheral neuorpathy: numbness, tingling or weakness
Monitor liver tests
Preg Cat C

Side Effects:
Peripheral neuropathy
Liver Damage

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

ACYCLOVIR

Zovirax

Antiviral
Treatment of herpes, varicella
Do not break, crush or chew 
Take dose soon as missed
Contact if sore throat, fever, fatigue (superinfection)
May cause acute renal failure 
Thrombocytopenic purpura
Preg Cat B

Side Effects:
HA
Bloody dysrasias
N/V
Diarrhea

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

OSELTAMIVIR PHOSPHATE

Tamiflu

Antiviral
Used as prohylaxis in adults for the flu
Treat uncomplicated acute flu symptoms 
Not a substitute for the vaccination
May be taken without regard to meals
Preg Cat C

Side Effects:
N/V, Dizziness
HA, Fatigue, Cough

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

VALACYCLOVIR HCL

Valtrex

Antiviral
Treatment of general herpes
Treat herpes zoster (shingles)
Treat herpes labialis (cold sores)
Drink lots of fluids
Avoid sexual contact when visible
Caution in pregnancy and nursing mothers

Side Effects:
N/V, diarrhea
Abdominal cramps
HA
Rash, fatigue, dizziness

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

ZIDOVUDINE

AZT, Retrovir

Antiviral
Management of HIV infections and prevention of HIV following needlestick
GI upset and insomnia resolve after 3-4 weeks
Preg Cat C

Side Effects:
Fever, HA, malasie
N/V, diarrhea
Dizziness
Insomnia
Dyspepsia
Anorexia
Rash

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

CEFADROXIL

Duricef

Cephalosporins, 1st
Treatment of upper and lower respiratory tract, urinary tract, and skin infections, otitis media, tonsillitis and UTIs
Take 10-14 days to prevent a super infection
Possible cross-allergy to penicillin
False positive results of urine glucose
Preg Cat B

Side effects:
Diarrhea, Rash, Angioedema

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

CEPHALEXIN

Keflex

Cephalosporins, 1st
Treatment of upper and lower respiratory tract, urinary tract, and skin infections, otitis media, and bone infections
Take 10-14 days to prevent a super infection
Possible cross-allergy to penicillin
False positive results of urine glucose
Preg Cat B

Side effects:
Diarrhea, Rash, Angioedema, HA, anaphylaxis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

CEFACLOR

Ceclor

Cephalosporins, 1st
Treatment of respiratory tract, urinary tract, bone, joint and skin infections, otitis media
Take for 10-14 days to prevent super infection
False positive results for urine glucose
Preg Cat B

Side Effects: Diarrhea

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

CEFOTETAN

Cephalosporins, 2nd
Treatment of respiratory tract, urinary tract, bone, joint and skin infections, GYN and gonococcal infections, intra-abdominal infections
IM/ IV – peak 1.5-3hr
Avoid alcohol
False elevated serum or urine creatinine
Preg Cat B

Side effects:
Diarrhea, Rash, Nausea

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

CEFOXITIN

Mefoxin

Study These Flashcards

Cephalosporins, 2nd
Treatment of respiratory tract, urinary tract, bone, joint and skin infections, GYN and gonococcal infections, peritonitis, septicemia
Take for 10 -14 days to prevent super infection
Avoid alcohol
Eat yogurt or buttermilk to maintain intestinal flora
May cause false positive urine glucose
Preg Cat B

Side Effects: Diarrhea, Rash

CEFPROZIL

Cefzil

Study These Flashcards

Cephalosporins, 2nd
Treatment of pharyngitis/tonsillitis, otitis media, seondary bacterial infection of acute bronchitis and acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, acute sinusitis
Take for 10-14 days to prevent super infection
May cause false positive Coombs test, elevated ALT and AST, urine glucose
Preg Cat B

Side Effects: Diarrhea, Rash

CEFUROXIME

Ceftin, Zinacef

Study These Flashcards

Cephalosporins, 2nd
Treatment of respiratory tract, urinary tract, bone and skin infections, gonococcal infections, meningitis, septicemia
Take 10-14 days to prevent super infection
May cause increased BUN and creatinine
False positive urine glucose
Preg Cat B

Side Effects: diarrhea, rash

CEFDINIR

Omnicef

Study These Flashcards

Cephalosporins, 3rd
Treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, sinusitis, pharyngitis, otitis media, tonsillitis, skin infections
Take 10-14 days to prevent super infection
Do not give antacids or iron supplements within 2 hr
False positive for urine ketones or glucose
May cause increase GGT
Preg Cat B

Side effects:
N/V, diarrhea, anorexia, rash, HA, vaginal yeast infection

CEFEPIME

Maxipime

Study These Flashcards

Cephalosporins, 3rd
Treatment of respiratory tract, urinary, and skin infections
False positive Coombs test, urine glucose
Preg Cat B

Side Effects:
N/V, Diarrhea, Anorexia, Rash
HA, Elevated liver function tests

CEFOTAXIME

Claforan

Study These Flashcards

Cephalosporins, 3rd
Treatment of respiratory tract, intra-abodminal/GYN infections, gonococcal infections, meningitis, septicemia, bacteremia
Monitor for super infection
Yogurt or buttermilk may help
Monitor I/O
Falsely elevated creatinine 
Preg Cat B

Side Effects:
N/V, Diarrhea, Rash, Anorexia

CEFPODOXIME

Vantin

Study These Flashcards

Cephalosporins, 3rd
Treatment of respiratory tract, urinary tract, and skin infections, otitis media, and STD infections
Take for 10-14 days to prevent super infection
Give 1 or 2 hours after antacid
Give with food to promote absorption
Preg Cat B

Side Effects:
N/V, Diarrhea, Anorexia
Cough, Urticaria

CIPROFLOXACIN

Cipro

Study These Flashcards

Fluoroquinolones
Treatment of infection caused by E. Coli and other bacteria, chronic bacterial prostatitis, acute sinusitis, postexposure inhalation anthrax
Contraindicated in children less than 18
Take 2 hr before or after antacid
Avoid caffine
Encourage fluids
False positive in opiate screening tests
Do not infuse with other medications 
Preg Cat C

Side Effects:
Seizures, N/V, Diarrhea
Abdominal distress, gas
Rash, photosensitive
Tendon rupture, muscle tear
CNS Side effects

LEVOFLOXACIN

Levaquin

Study These Flashcards

Fluoroquinolones
Treatment of infections like endocarditis, TB, anthrax, pneumonia, chronic bronchitis, and infections involving the sinus, urinary tract, kidney, prostate or skin
Infused injection over 60-90 minutes
Teach to avoid sunlamps and tanning beds and to limit time to sun
Avoid activities that require alertness or coordination
Monitor for hepatotoxicity
May increase suicidal thoughts
Monitor blood sugar
Notify immediately if change in heartbeat
Preg Cat C

Side Effects:
HA, N/V, Diarrhea, Constipation
Stomach pain, dizziness, heartburn, vaginal itching or discharge, tendon rupture
Irritation, pain, tenderness, redness, warmth, swelling at injection site
Seizures, confusion, rash, hallucination, paranoia
Angioedema

VANCOMYCIN | Vancocin

Glycopeptides Treatment of resistant staph infections, colitis, endocarditis, C Diff IV best absorption, 60 min Give antihistamine for "red man syndrome" - Decreased blood pressure, flushing on face Signs of super infection: sore throat, fever, fatigue Preg Cat C Side Effects: Liver Damage, Nephrotoxicity, Tinnitus or hearing loss

CLINDAMYCIN HCL PHOSPHATE | Cleocin HCL, Cleocin Phosphate -IM

``` Lincosamides Treatment of infection caused by Staph, Strep and other organisms PO: peak 45 min, lasts 6 hr IM: peak 3 hr, lasts 8-12 Increase in AST, ALT, CPK Preg Cat B ``` Side Effects: N/V, Diarrhea, Abdominal pain, Vaginitis, Rash, Jaundice

AZITHROMYCYIN | Zithromax

Macrolides Treatment of mild to moderate infections of the respiratry tract, skin, non-gonococcal urethritis, cervicitis, acute pharyngitis, tonsillitis, community acquired pneumonia PO: Rapid, peak 2.5-3.2hr, lasts 24hr, do not take with antacids, take with or w/o food IV: Rapid, peak at end of infusion, lasts 24 hrs Monitor signs of super infection May need treatment for sexual partners Preg Cat B Side Effects: N/V, Diarrhea

CLARITHROMYCIN | Biaxin, Biaxin XL

Macrolides Used for respiratory infections, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, sinusitis Treatment may be 7-14 days Take with food Possible increase in theophylline and carbamazepine Preg Cat C Side Effects: Nausea, taste abnormalities, diarrhea, dyspepsia, HA

ERTHYOMYCIN | Ery-Tab, Erythrocin

Macrolides Treatment of infections, including clamydia, syphilis PO: Avoid citrus juice, take with full glass of water, peak 4 hours, lasts 6-12 IV: Rapid onset, peak end of infusion, lasts 6-12 Take at equal intervals around the clock Monitor signs of renal function Can be used in patients with compromised renal function Preg Cat B Side Effects: Abdominal cramps, pain at injection site, N/V, Diarrhea, Rash, anaphylaxis

AMOCILLIN, AMPICILLIN, PENICILLIN

Penicillins Treatment of repsiratroy infections, scarlet fever, otitis media, pneumonia, skin and soft tissue infections, gonorrhea Take careful hx of penicillin reaction, observe 20 min Take equally divided doses around the clock Continue medication for entire time prescribed Check for hypersensitivity to other drugs Preg Cat B Side Effects: Allergic reactions: fever, difficulty breathing, skin rash Renal, hepatic, hematologic abnormalities N/V, Diarrhea

TRIMETHOPRIM- SULFAMETHOXAZOLE | Bactrim, Septra

Sulfonamides Treatment of UTI, chancroid, acute otitis media, acute and chronic prostatitis, shigellosis, pneumonitis, chronic bronchitis, traveler's diarrhea PO: take with full glass of water, take with food if upset stomach, take equal intervals around the clock IV: solution must be given slowly over 60-90 minutes, flush at end Monitor hypersensitivity NEVER IM Encourage fluids Preg Cat C Side Effects: Hypersensitivity reaction, Blood Dyscrsias, photosensitive, N/V, anorexia, Stomatitis, abdominal pain

DOXYCYCLINE HYCLATE | Vibramycin, Vibra-Tabs

Tetracyclines Treatment of syphilis, clamydia, gonorrhea, chronic periodontitis, acne, anthrax, malaria prophylaxis Peak 1.5-4hr If upset stomach, admin with food, NO MILK PRODUCTS, or HIGH IN CA Take with full glass of water, DO NOT take within 1 hr of bed, or reclining Check tongue for infection Avoid prolonged exposure to sunlight or UV light Avoid during tooth and early development (4mo prenantal - 8 years) Anticoagulant therapy may be needed Preg Cat D Side Effects: Photosensitive, GI upset, diarrhea, renal, hepatic, hematologic abnormalities, dental discoloration of baby teeth

MINOCYCLINE HCL | Minocin

Tetracyclines Treatment of clamydia, periodonitis, acne, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, respiratory tract infectioms, meningitis Peak 2-3 hr If upset stomach, admin with food, NO MILK PRODUCTS, or HIGH IN CA Take with full glass of water, DO NOT take within 1 hr of bed, or reclining Check tongue for infection Avoid prolonged exposure to sunlight or UV light Avoid during tooth and early development (4mo prenantal - 8 years) Preg Cat D Side Effects: Photosensitive, GI upset, diarrhea, renal, hepatic, hematologic abnormalities, dental discoloration of baby teeth

Anti-Infectives Flashcards

(33 cards)