Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Advanced Pharmacology > Anti-Infectives > Flashcards

Anti-Infectives Flashcards

(63 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Which antibiotics are beta lactam antibiotics?

A

penicillins, cephalosporins & certain miscellaneous compounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are supra infections?

A

defined as a new infection that appears during the course of treatment for a primary infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is an antibiotic? What is an anti-infective?

A

Are chemical substances produced by various species of microorganisms that suppress the growth of other microorganisms
Antimicrobial are synthetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What treats otitis media?

A

Amoxicillin, bactrum, or augmentin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What treats diarrhea caused by shigella or salmonella?

A

Fluoroquinolone (cipro or levequin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What treats diarrhea caused by amoeba or giardia?

A

Metronidazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What treats Gonorrhea?

A

Ceftriaxone + doxycycline or + AZ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What treats Syphilis?

A

Benzathine Penicillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What treats a UTI caused by E coli?

A

Bactrum or Fluoroquinolone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What treats candidiasis oral?

A

Fluconazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Benzyl Penicillin G

A 
Beta lactam ring
Narrow Spectrum
Acid liable
Destroyed by Penicillinase
SE: rash angioedema
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Benzathine Penicillin

A

Prolonged half life

Drug of choice for syphilis and strep pharyngitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Penicillin V

A

Acid stable
Oral only
Similar to PCN G

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Nafcillin and dicloxacillin

A 
Penicillinase resistant 
Less active the PCN G
Nafcillin is given IV
dicloxacillin is given PO
They treat narrow spectrum penicillinase resistant staph infections
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Ampicillin and amoxicillin

A

Broad spectrum

Amox: drug of choice for treating otitis media and can treat H.pylori in combination with PPI and clarithromycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What enzyme does penicillins inhibit?

A

transpeptidase and it prevents strengthen of bacterial cell wall
bactericidal and destroys cell wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Piperacillin/Tazobactam

A

Extended spectrum
antipseudomonal
Given via IV
Effective against beta-lactamase-producing gram (+) and gram (-) aerobes, anaerobes and enterococci
Always given with an aminoglycoside but cannot be given with aminoglycosides in same tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Cephalosporins

A

a

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Cephalosporins 1st generation

A

Works best on gram positive e coli and klebsella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Cephalosporins 2nd generation

A

Greater gram negative coverage less on gram positive

H influenza, enterobacter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Cephalosporins 3rd generation

A

Greater gram negative coverage less on gram positive coverage than 1st generation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Ceftriaxone

A

Recommended in treatment for gonococcus (gonorrhea) gm (-) diplococcus combined with doxycycline 100mg BID x 7d or azithromycin 1g po once for existing chlamydia
First line drug for otitis media and pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Ceftazidime

A

pseudomonas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Cefepime

A

Broadest Cephalosporin on both gram + and -
resistant to beta-lactamases
Patients age 2mo-16yrs treatment of febrile neutropenia, UTI, skin infections, and pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Ceftaroline
Community acquired pneumonia including MRSA
26
Imipenem, meropenem, doripenem
``` Other beta lactam Wide spectrum pseudomonas resistant to betalactamase Treatment of complicated abdominal infections ```
27
Aztreonam
short spectrum for pseudomonas | not commonly used
28
Vancomycin
``` Glycopeptide Treats MRSA treatment of strep faecalis Drug of Choice to treat MRSA pneumonia treats pseudomembranous colitis (not normally used for that because of expense) Redman syndrome Inhibits cell wall synthesis ```
29
Synercid, Daptomycin (cubicin)
Vancomycin enterococcal Vancomycin resistant MRSA Inferior to Linezoid
30
Linezolid
Vancomycin enterococcal (drug of choice) Vancomycin resistant MRSA (drug of choice) Monamine oxidase inhibitor Avoid tyramine in food and drinks
31
Polymyxins
effective against gram negative | found in triple antibiotic creams
32
Aminoglycosides
water soluble penetrate bacterial cell wall by oxygen transport system effective against aerobic organisms treats pseudomonas in conjunction with PCN or Cef concentration dependent power (higher the concentration the greater the effect/killing power) and has post antibacterial effect Once daily dosing can cause kidney damage can cause ototoxicity Gentamicin (first line drug) Amikacin (used for resistance)
33
Tetracyclines
``` bacterostatic Used to treat acne affect gram positive and gram negative treats chlamydia bind and inhibit protein synthesis First line treatment for mycoplasma, chlamydia, the spirochete of lyme disease, rickettsia causing rocky mountain spotted fever, and lymphogranuloma doxycycline (first line) ```
34
Which drugs are effective in community acquired pneumonia?
bactrum, clindamycin, tetracycline, and fluoroquinolone
35
Amoxicillin and clavulante (augmentin)
Drug of choice in treatment of otitis media, gonorrhea, and acute sinusitis clavulantic acid is a "suicidal" molecule that irreversibly binds to bacterial beta-lactamases
36
Piperacillin
Indicated for the treatment of gram negative anaerobic bacteria and pseudomonal infections Always given with an aminoglycoside but cannot be given with aminoglycosides in same tube
37
What is the drug of choice for pseudomembranous colitis?
metronidazole
38
Gentamicin
usually give with an extended spectrum, PCN, or CEF 3rd generation for the treatment of klebsiella, Ps. aeruginosa, proteus, and E. coli
39
Doxycycline
Treats chlamydia 100mg PO bid x 7days (azithromycin is first line treatment) Recommended in the treatment of community acquired pneumonia 200mg bid for treatment of community acquired pneumonia Used to treat anthrax exposure
40
Macrolides
Either bacteriostatic or bactericidal depending on the organism and concentration Inhibit protein synthesis by penetrating bacterial cell membrane bind ribosomes Primarily gram positive some gram negative Treats GERD in children Alternative to PCN
41
Erythromycin
Used if Benzyl PCN allergy exists | Short half life
42
Clarithromycin
Drug of choice for acute sinusitis enzyme inhibitors treats mycobacterium
43
Azithromycin
Drug of choice for pneumonia and pharyngitis Drug of choice in chlamydial infection 1G PO once (First line drug) Otitis media in children treats mycobacterium avid complex 600mg WEEKLY Can be used to treat meningitis enzyme inhibitors
44
Clindamycin
First line treatment against anaerobic bacteria | Can cause pseudomembranous colitis (black box)
45
Tigeycline
Treats tetracycline resistant organisms
46
Fluroroquinolones
Broad spectrum bactericidal | not effective against anaerobes or resistant staph
47
Ciprofloxacin
``` Treats UTI caused by e coli infectious diarrhea Treats salmonea and shugella Inhibits on DNA gyrase Joint pain and rupture of Achilles tendon ```
48
Levofloxacin
Uncomplicated UTI | Photo sensitivity
49
Gemifloxacin and Moxifloxacin
recommended in patients that don't respond to levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin cipro resistent strep infections
50
TMP/SMX (Bactrum)
Sulfonamide Treats UTI Binds to albumin GI upset
51
Metronidazole
Anti-protozoal effective in the treatment of Trichomonas vaginalis, Entameba histolytic, and giardia lamblia Drug of choice for GI diarrhea, H pylori with a PPI amoxicillin, and tetracycline or clarithromycin) Treats C-Diff Treats amebiasis with liver involvement
52
Iodoquinol
Drug of choice for asymptomatic intestinal amebiasis
53
Nystatin
Treats candida infections | Creams
54
Clotrimazole
Broad spectrum anti-infective | Comes in creams, solutions, lotions
55
Miconazole
Broad spectrum anti-infective | Comes in creams, solutions, lotions
56
Naftifiine
Used to treat athletes foot, jock itch
57
Amphotericin B
Treats systemic infection (life treating) such as: cryptococcal, histoplasmosis, coccidioidomycosis, blastimycosis, sporotrichosis, and disseminated candidiasis Given IV 80% develop impaired renal problems Can cause fever and chills Flu cytosine bay be given with medication to increase effectiveness (may depresses bone marrow)
58
Imidazoles
target fungal cholesterol Treat systemic candida infection, and other systemic infections GI upset
59
Ketoconazole
Can decrease testosterone
60
Diflucan
enters CNS | Can treat oral candida
61
Itraconazole
a
62
Ketroconazole
a
63
Griseofulvin, terbinafine
Treat infection of the nails (onychomycosis) deposit in keratin precursor cells terbinafine: hepatic damage

Advanced Pharmacology (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions