Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pharm > Anti-Infectives, TB, & Antifungals > Flashcards

Anti-Infectives, TB, & Antifungals Flashcards

(54 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Penicillins

A

amoxicillin (Amoxil)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Penicillin Action

A

inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis

bacteriostatic and bactericidal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Penicillin SE

A

GI distress (n/d)
arthralgia
stomatitis
tongue discoloration
glossitis
injection site discomfort

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Penicillins ADE

A

anaphylaxis
superinfection (CDiff)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Cephalosporins

A

ceftriaxone (Rocephin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Penicillins Nursing Interventions

A

monitor for s/s of allergic reaction (assess for allergies before administering)
report chronic diarrhea to provider

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Cephalosporins Action

A

inhibit bacterial cell-wall synthesis

bactericidal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Cephalosporins SE

A

HA
GI upset
increased bleeding
dizziness
seizures
thrombocytopenia
dysgeusia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cephalosporins ADE

A

anaphylaxis
superinfection (CDiff); candidiasis
nephrotoxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Cephalosporins Nursing Interventions

A

may cause disulfiram like reaction with alcohol (flushing, dizziness, HA, n/v, muscular cramps)

if patients have a penicillin allergy, they may have a cross sensitivity with cephalosporins

increase fluids

report chronic diarrhea, changes in urination, or tinnitus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Glycopeptides

A

vancomycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Glycopeptides Action

A

inhibits cell wall synthesis; effective against gram positive MRSA

bactericidal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Glycopeptides SE

A

chills
fever
dizziness
GI distress
peripheral edema
disulfiram like reaction to alcohol
thrombophlebitis at injection site

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Glycopeptides ADE

A

anaphylaxis
superinfection
ototoxicity
nephrotoxicity
red neck/red man syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Glycopeptides Nursing Interventions

A

administer slowly to avoid transfusion reaction
intermittent IV infusion (infuse over at least 1 hr to reduce risk of reactions; larger loading doses may require extended infusion times (2-3 hrs))

infusion rates of 10-15 mg/minute are recommended

VERY STRONG DRUG, ONLY FOR SERIOUS INFECTIONS

don’t drink

report chronic diarrhea, changes in urination or tinnitus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Macrolides

A

azithromycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Macrolides Action

A

binds to 50S ribosomal subunits and inhibits protein synthesis

bacteriostatic with low-moderate doses, bactericidal with high doses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Macrolides SE

A

HA
conjunctivitis
GI distress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Macrolides ADE

A

anaphylaxis
superinfection
hepatotoxicity
thrombophlebitis at IV site

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Macrolides Nursing Interventions

A

lots of drug reactions

azithromycin lvls may be reduced by antacids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Tetracyclines

A

doxycycline (Vibramycin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Tetracyclines Action

Study These Flashcards
A

inhibit protein synthesis

bacteriostatic

23
Q

Tetracyclines SE

Study These Flashcards
A

GI distress
photosensitivity
stomatitis
glossitis
HA

24
Q

Tetracyclines/Aminoglycosides ADE

Study These Flashcards
A

anaphylaxis
superinfection
ototoxicity
nephrotoxicity
neurotoxicity
discoloration of permanent teeth, tongue and nails (don’t give to children younger than 8)

25
Tetracyclines Nursing Interventions
doxycycline may be taken with milk or food category D DONT GIVE TO CHILDREN YOUNGER THAN 8 lots of drug and food interactions (milk, antacids, oral contraceptives); give 1-2 hrs before and after antacids; second BC method
26
Aminoglycosides
gentamicin (Garamycin)
27
Aminoglycosides Action
inhibit bacterial protein synthesis bactericidal
28
Aminoglycosides SE
GI distress fever rash pruritus HA anemia stomatitis
29
Aminoglycosides Nursing Interventions
penicillins decrease effectiveness increased action of oral anticoagulants ethacrynic acid use can lead to ototoxicity peaks drawn approximately 60-90 min after infusion (*11.5-12*) trough lvls should be obtained within 30 min before 4th dose of a new regimen or dosage change (*2*) (**toxic lvls is more than 12**) can cause severe respiratory depression and kidney damage in pediatrics category D report chronic diarrhea, changes in urination or tinnitus/hearing loss increase fluids
30
Sulfonamides/Trimethoprim Combo
trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim)
31
Sulfonamides/Trimethoprim Combo Action
inhibits bacterial synthesis of folic acid bacteriostatic
32
Sulfonamides/Trimethoprim Combo SE
photosensitivity GI distress stomatitis insomnia rash crystalluria hematuria
33
Sulfonamides/Trimethoprim Combo ADE
anaphylaxis
34
Sulfonamides/Trimethoprim Combo Nursing Interventions
INCREASE FLUIDS stay out of direct sunlight combo of 2 meds provides synergistic effect and allow for bacterial resistance to develop more slowly usually used for UTIs
35
Fluroquinolones
ciprofloxacin (Cipro) levofloxacin (Levaquin)
36
Fluroquinolones Action
DNA synthesis inhibitor bactericidal
37
Fluroquinolones SE
GI distress photosensitivity and eye damage visual disturbances hearing loss insomnia HA dizziness CDiff dysgeusia peripheral neuropathy
38
Fluroquinolones ADE
tendon rupture and tendinitis dysrhythmias exacerbation of myasthenia gravis anaphylaxis superinfection
39
Fluroquinolones Nursing Interventions
not recommended for kids avoid use in pregnant women (increased risk of tendon effects) monitor for s/s of allergic reaction have pt report joint pain
40
Red Neck/Red Man Syndrome (Vancomycin)
occurs when IV too rapid severe hypotension red blotching of face, neck, chest and extremities toxic reaction, not allergic
41
Anti-infectives General Considerations
C&S should be done before starting treatment to ensure right antibiotic is being used (wide spectrum antibiotics may be started before results return) **teach clients to take full dose even if symptoms improve**
42
C&S
**S**ensitive: CAN BE USED **R**esistant: CANNOT BE USED
43
TB Meds
isoniazid (INH) rifampin ethambutol
44
TB Meds General SE
n/v/d HA difficulty sleeping
45
TB Meds General ADE
liver toxicity complex drug interactions
46
TB Meds Nursing Interventions
no alcohol take all meds as directed DOT therapy if needed
47
INH SE
vitamin B6 deficiency/peripheral neuropathy visual problems
48
Rifampin SE
orange-red secretions visual problems nephrotoxicity
49
Ethambutol SE
optic neuritis (needs eye exams)
50
Pyrazinamide SE (TB Med)
increased uric acid pain photosensitivity
51
Antifungals: Polyenes
nystatin (Mycostatin) **comes as cream, ointment, powder, lozenge and tabs**
52
Polyenes Action
treats severe fungal infections binds to fungal cell membrane causing cell permeability and leakage of cell contents
53
Polyenes SE
fever flushing chills GI distress thrombophlebitis parasthesias “shake and bake” (fever, flushing, chills; common transfusion reaction) **nephrotoxicity** **hypoK** **hypoMg**
54
Antifungals: Polyenes Nursing Interventions
“swish and swallow” **reactions usually begin 1-3 hrs after initiating, pretreat pts w/antihistamines and steroids 30-60 min before**

Pharm (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions