Anti-inflammatory Drugs

Question 1

Eicosanoids

Answer 1

Prostaglandin
Leukotriene
Thromboxane

Question 2

Pain

Answer 2

Increase prostaglandin

Question 3

Allergy

Answer 3

Increase leukotriene

Question 4

Injury

Answer 4

Release of thromboxane

Question 5

Clinical indication for Non narcotic analgesics

Answer 5

Non narcotic drugs interrupt mild to moderate pain associated with inflammatory condition without altering consciousness.

Question 6

Two elements of pain

Answer 6

Localized stimulation of peripheral nerves through damage
Recognition of pain within the CNS

Question 7

Mechanism of Action for Non narcotic analgesics

Answer 7

Non narcotic analgesics inhibits prostaglandin synthesis centrally and peripherally.

Enhance local inflammation
Produce local edema
Constrict blood vessels

Question 8

Types of non narcotic analgesics

Answer 8

Acetaminophen- paracetamol
Salicylates- aspirin, diflunisal
Synthetic NSAID- naprosyn, fenoprofen, ibuprofen, indomethacin

Question 9

Salicylates and aspirin are known to

Answer 9

Reduce fever and pain
Vasodilation
Prophylactically inhibit clotting

Question 10

Pharmacological effects of salicylates

Answer 10

Gastrointestinal- decrease of prostaglandin, nausea due to erosion of stomach lining

Cardiovascular- inhibits platelet aggregation, reduce the risk of death

Question 11

Salicylates adverse effect

Answer 11

Hepatoxicity
Rash
Prolonged bleeding time
Nausea
Vomiting
Dyspepsia
Heartburn
Gastrointestinal bleeding

Question 12

in NSAID, inflammation is characterized by

Answer 12

Swelling
Pain
Redness
Warmth

Question 13

Mechanism of Action for NSAID

Answer 13

Inhibit inflammation and reduce pain by blocking the synthesis of prostaglandin.

Stabilize cell membranes to prevent edema

Question 14

NSAIDs adverse effect

Answer 14

Nausea
Gastrointestinal bleeding
Vomiting
Headache
Vertigo
CNS stimulation
Hypersensitivity reaction
Mental confusion
Hepatic damage

Question 15

is a constellation of symptoms that occur in some patients with the chronic use of large doses of aspirin and other salicylates

Answer 15

Salicylism

Question 16

Chronic salicylate toxicity

Answer 16

• Nausea

• Vomiting

• Headache

• Tinnitus (ringing in the ears)

• Hyperglycemia

• Delirium

Question 17

Acute Salicylate Poisoning

Answer 17

» Depression of respiratory centers
» Respiratory acidosis
» CNS depression
» Sweating
» Dehydration, electrolyte imbalance
» Hypotension & vasodilation
» Coma
» Death

Question 18

Acetaminophen

Answer 18

• Weak prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor

• Useful for reducing fever and headache (nonmigraine)

• Should not substitute for antiinflammatory drugs

• Does not affect platelet aggregation/clotting

• May be used as an aspirin substitute in aspirin-sensitive patients

Question 19

Adverse effect for acetaminophen

Answer 19

Acute toxicity

• Nausea

• Vomiting

• Hepatoxicity (elevated serum enzymes)

• Acidosis

• Respiratory depression

Question 20

Antigout Drugs Clinical Indication

Answer 20

Treatment of gout, a special inflammatory condition in which uric acid deposits in the joint fluid of the toes, knees, or kidneys because uric acid is

– overproduced or

– not efficiently excreted

Question 21

Antigout Drugs

Drugs in this class include

Answer 21

Acute treatment

• Colchicine

• Aspirin, naproxen

Prophylaxis

• Allopurinol blocks uric acid production

• Probenecid for uric acid excretion

• Sulfinpyrazone for uric acid excretion