Anti-microbials I

Question 1

Key structural features of bacteria that serve as anti-bacterial targets (5)

Answer 1

CELL WALL - thick gram pos, thin gram neg
PEPTIDOGLYCAN
LPS
CYTOPLASMIC MEMBRANE
CYTOPLASM

Question 2

Gram Negative Factors influencing antibiotic action (4)

Answer 2

LPS
Lipid bilayer
Hydrophilic pores
Nutrient receptor proteins

Question 3

Gram positive factors influencing antibiotic action (3)

Answer 3

Teichoic and Teichuronic acid
Lipid Bilayer
Nutreitn transport proteins

Question 4

Bactericidal and Bacteriostatic quality can be based on?

Answer 4

DOSING

Question 5

Prophylactic therapy

Answer 5

tx in absence of infection to prevent disease

Question 6

Pre-emptive therapy

Answer 6

tx of HIGH RISK patients that are infected but asymptomatic

Question 7

Empirical therapy

Answer 7

tx of symptomatic patient without further testing or confirmation

Question 8

definitive therapy

Answer 8

tx after organism has been identified with the APPROPRIATE DRUG

Question 9

Suppressive therapy

Answer 9

low dose as a secondary prophylaxis

UTI’s with women and a hx of UTI’s

Question 10

ESKAPE bacteria

important quality?

Answer 10

Enterococcus faecium
Staphy aureus
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Acinetobacter baumannii
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Enterobacter

ANTIBACTERIAL RESISTANCE IS COMMON

Question 11

Resistance - Reduced Drug entry into organism - drug?

Answer 11

DAPTOMYCIN

Question 12

Daptomycin resistance associated with what change?

Answer 12

CHANGE IN MEMBRANE CHARGE

REPELS THE ANTIBIOTIC

Question 13

Resistance - Increased drug export - drug?

Answer 13

TETRACYCLINE

Question 14

Tetracycline resistance specifically associated with?

Answer 14

EXPRESSION EFFLUX PUMP

Question 15

COmmon organism with efflux pump

Answer 15

N. gonorrhoeae
E. coli
S. pneumoniae
P. aeruginosa

Question 16

Resistance - changes in enzyme expression that active prodrug - drug?

Answer 16

METRONIDAZOLE

Question 17

Metronidazole resistance associated with mutation in?

Answer 17

rdxA GENE - alters or decreases activation of drug

Question 18

Resistance - expression of enzyme that destroys the drug - drugs? (2)

Answer 18

AMINOGLYCOSIDES

AMOXICILLIN (beta-lactam)

Question 19

Aminoglycosides associated with?

Answer 19

MODIFYING ENZYMES

Question 20

Amoxicillin mechanism resistance?

Answer 20

BETA-LACTAMASES

render the compounds ineffective

Question 21

Resistance - impaired drug binding - drugs (2)?

Answer 21

TRIMETHOPRIM

SULFONAMIDES

Question 22

Resistance - development of new or different pathways NOT INHIBITED BY DRUG - drug?

Answer 22

VANCOMYCIN

Question 23

Vancomycin resistance associated with?

Answer 23

SUBSTITUTION ON PEPTIDOGLYCAN STEM

VANCOMYCIN CAN NO LONGER BIND TO ITS TARGET