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Pharmacology II > Anti-parasitic Agents V > Flashcards

Anti-parasitic Agents V Flashcards

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1
Q

Albendazole is used in what species?

A

Dogs, cattle

“AL has DOGS and CATTLE”

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2
Q

Fenbendazole is used in what species?

A

Dogs, cats, cattle

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3
Q

Febantel is used in what species?

A

Dogs, cats

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4
Q

Benzimidazoles and pro-benzimidazoles may have excellent activity against?

A

Giardia spp.

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5
Q

Benzimidazoles and pro-benzimidazoles lack or have little?

A

AB activity

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6
Q

Aminoglycosides are used to treat?

A

Giardaiasis, Cryptosporidiosis

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7
Q

Azalides (macrolides) are used to treat?

A

Cryptosporidiosis

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8
Q

Paromycin is used in _______ but is also used in what other species as an extra-label use medication?

A

cattle, dogs, cats, and goats

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9
Q

Paromomycin can lead to?

A

Renal toxicity

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10
Q

Paromomycin is produced by ?

A

streptomyces rimosus

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11
Q

What is Paromomycin’s MOA?

A

MOA: It interferes with bacterial protein synthesis

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12
Q

Paromomycin is poorly absorbed following _______ administration

A

oral

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13
Q

Paromomycin has little activity against ?

A

intestinal bacteria

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14
Q

Azalides are derivates of?

A

macrolides

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15
Q

Azithromycin is an ________ and has activity against ________. It also shows activity against ________.

A

azalide, mycoplasma, cryptosporidium

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16
Q

What is the MOA of Azithromycin?

A

Inhibition of protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal unit

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17
Q

Azithromycin is used in what species?

A

Cattle, dogs, cats, and horses

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18
Q

Clindamycin is a ____________ and is used on _____ and _____.

A

Lincosamide, dogs, cats

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19
Q
  • Clindamycin is a ____________ compound (lincomycin)
  • _____ and _________ formulations have similar activity
  • Clindamycin is almost completely absorbed after _____ administration
A

semisynthetic, Oral, parenteral, oral

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20
Q

What is Clindamycin’s MOA?

A

MOA: It exerts its activity by inhibiting protein synthesis at the 50S ribosomal subunit

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21
Q

Lincosamides are used to treat?

A

Toxoplasmosis, Neosporosis

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22
Q

Dihydrofolate reductase/ thymidylate synthase (DHFR/TS) inhibitors are used to treat ?

A
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23
Q

List the Dihydrofolate reductase/thymidylate synthase (DHFR/TS) inhibitors.

A

Trimethoprim, pyrimethamine, and ormetoprim

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24
Q

Which DHFR/TS inhibitors treat EPM?

A
  1. Trimethoprim combined with sulfadiazine
  2. Pyrimethamine combined with sulfadiazine
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25
Which DHFR/TS inhibitors treat coccidiosis, toxoplasmosis, and neosporosis? Which species are they used on?
1. Trimethoprim combined with sulfadiazine --> Dogs and cats 2. Ormetoprim combined with sulfadimethoxine --> Dogs
26
Which DHFR/TS inhibitors treat coccidiosis ONLY?
Ormetoprim combined with sulfadimethoxine in Chickens, turkey To prevent coccidiosis in broiler chickens
27
Which DHFR/TS inhibitors treat coccidiosis ONLY? Which species are they used on? What is the purpose of treating this condition in this species?
Ormetoprim combined with sulfadimethoxine --> Chickens, turkeys To prevent coccidiosis in broiler chickens
28
In ______, the dihydrofolate reductase/thymidylate synthase are a bifunctional complex. The MOA of dihydrofolate reductase is critical to the synthesis of __________ _____. This process will be stopped Tetrahydrofolic acid → active form of folic acid
protozoa, tetrahydrofolic acid
29
Trimethropim is readily absorbed after ____ administration * It is available in several forms. List them.
oral tablet, liquid, and paste formulations → combined with sulfonamide (1:5)
30
The use of __________ in food-producing animals is strictly prohibited by the US FDA ➢ Cattle receiving _________ should never enter the food chain
nitroimidazoles, metronidazole
31
Nitroimidazoles are used to treat?
Trypanosomiasis, Trichomoniasis, Giardiasis
32
Which Nitroimidazoles are used to treat trichomoniasis?
33
Which Nitroimidazoles are used to treat giardiasis?
34
Which Nitroimidazoles are used to treat trypanosomiasis?
35
What is the MOA of Nitroimidazoles?
their exact mechanism of action is not completely understood → disrupting DNA and nucleic acid synthesis
36
Nitroimidazoles are ____ absorbed * ↑ distributed to most body _____ * Primarily metabolized in the _____ * Metabolites/unchanged drug are eliminated in the ____ and ____
well, tissues, liver, urine, feces
37
Hydroquinolones treat?
38
In the U.S. the Hydroxyquinolone Decoquinate is approved either as a __________, or combined with other drugs (3?). BUT it is not FDA-approved for use in animals producing ____ for ________ consumption or in ______ hens.
monotherapy, lincomycin, monensin or chlorthetracycline milk, human, laying
39
The Hydroxyquinolone Decoquniate is used to treat?
40
What is the MOA of Hydroxyquinolones?
MOA: The quinolone anticoccidials inhibit coccidial respiration by interfering with cytochrome- mediated electron transport in the parasite mitochondria
41
Decoquinate is poorly absorbed from the ?
intestinal tract
42
List the Diamidine derivatives?
Diminazene diaceturate and imidocarb dipropianate
43
Diamidine derivatives treat?
Trypanosomiasis, babesiosis
44
Diminazene diaceturate treats?
Babesiosis in horses and cattle Trypanosomiasis in cattle
45
Imidocarb dipropianate treats?
Babesiosis in dogs and cats
46
What is the MOA of Diamidine derivatives?
MOA: These drugs bind to the DNA and interfere with parasite replication
47
Diamidine derivatives tend to accumulate in ?
tissues
48
Which tetracyclines treat Babesiosis?
49
What is the MOA of Tetracyclines?
They bind to the 30S ribosomal subunit of susceptible organisms → interfering with the protein synthesis in growing or multiplying organisms
50
Amprolium is a ________ analogue that treats _________ in what species?
Thiamine (Vitamin B1), coccidiosis, Chickens, turkeys, cattle, dogs, and cats
51
What is the MOA of Amprolium ?
Competitive inhibition of active thiamine transport into the parasite→ 50-fold greater sensitivity of the parasite system!
52
Prolonged high dosages of Amprolium can lead to?
Thiamine deficiency
53
Amprolium is approved for the prevention of coccidiosis in __________ chickens, _______, and ______ hens
growing, turkeys, laying
54
List the Triazine derivatives?
Diclazuril, ponazuril, toltrazuril
55
Triazine derivatives treat?
EPM and coccidiosis
56
Which Triazine derivatives treat EPM?
Diclazuril, Ponazuril
57
Which Triazidine derivatives treat coccidiosis? In which species?
58
Diclazuril is approved for use in the prevention of coccidiosis and is not approved in ?
laying hens and turkeys
59
What is the MOA of Triazine derivatves?
MOA: these drugs act on the apicoplast (plastid) that is present in apicomplexan parasites → the exact function of apicoplast is unknown → biosynthesis of amino acids ??
60
Sulfamethazine is a ________ that treats _________ in what species?
Sulfonamide, coccidiosis, dogs and cats
61
Sulfadimethoxine is a ________ that treats ________ in what species?
sulfonamide, coccidiosis, chickens, turkeys, and cattle
62
Sulfonamides were the first effective __________ used
anticoccidials
63
What is the MOA of Sulfonamides?
They interfere in the early phases of folate (folic acid) synthesis
64
* Sulfonamides are often used in combination with ? * Sulfamethazine should not be administered to animals producing _____
DHFR/TS inhibitors, eggs
65
Monensin is a ?
Polyether ionophores
66
Monensin is used as a preventative in what species?
Chickens, turkeys, goats, cattle
67
What is the MOA of Monensin?
MOA: → They facilitate the transport of Na+ and H+ into the cells. Lipophilic complexes with alkali metal cations → alterations in membrane integrity
68
* Monensin is fed for prevention of __________ in broilers and turkeys * Prevention in goat → Do not feed to goats producing ____ for human consumption
coccidiosis, milk,
69
Robenidine is a __________ derivative.
Guanidine
70
Robenidine prevents the formation of?
merozoites (E. tenella)
71
* Robenidine is used for prevention of ________ in chickens * Withdrawal time: ___ days → the flesh has an _________ taste * Feeds with robenidine should not be given to ________ hens
coccidiosis, 5, unpleasant, laying
72
Which drugs are licensed for the treatment of coccidiosis in food animals?
73
Which drugs are licensed to treat coccidiosis in dogs and cats?
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Pharmacology II (27 decks)

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