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Anti Parkinsonism Drugs Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the primary classification of anti-parkinsonism drugs?

A

Anti-parkinsonism drugs are primarily classified into dopaminergic agents, anticholinergics, and other agents.

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2
Q

What is the mechanism of action of dopaminergic agents?

A

Dopaminergic agents increase dopamine levels in the brain or mimic dopamine effects.

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3
Q

True or False: Anticholinergics are primarily used to increase dopamine levels.

A

False

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4
Q

Name one common side effect of dopaminergic agents.

A

Nausea

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5
Q

What is the role of levodopa in Parkinson’s treatment?

A

Levodopa is converted to dopamine in the brain, helping to alleviate symptoms.

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6
Q

Fill in the blank: __________ is a common side effect of anticholinergics.

A

Dry mouth

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7
Q

Which class of anti-parkinsonism drugs is primarily used for younger patients?

A

Anticholinergics

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8
Q

What is the mechanism of action of MAO-B inhibitors?

A

MAO-B inhibitors block the breakdown of dopamine, increasing its availability.

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9
Q

True or False: Side effects of anti-parkinsonism drugs can include hallucinations.

A

True

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10
Q

What type of drug is pramipexole?

A

Pramipexole is a dopamine agonist.

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11
Q

List one side effect associated with dopamine agonists.

A

Impulse control disorders

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12
Q

What is the primary use of COMT inhibitors?

A

COMT inhibitors prolong the effect of levodopa by inhibiting its breakdown.

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13
Q

Fill in the blank: __________ is often combined with levodopa to enhance its effect.

A

Carbidopa

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14
Q

What is a major concern when using anticholinergics in older patients?

A

Increased risk of confusion and cognitive impairment.

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15
Q

Which anti-parkinsonism drug is known to cause dyskinesias as a side effect?

A

Levodopa

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16
Q

True or False: All anti-parkinsonism drugs are equally effective in all patients.

A

False

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17
Q

What is the mechanism of action of amantadine?

A

Amantadine increases dopamine release and blocks its reuptake.

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18
Q

Name an advantage of using MAO-B inhibitors in Parkinson’s disease.

A

They can delay the need for levodopa therapy.

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19
Q

What is a common side effect of levodopa?

A

Nausea and vomiting

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20
Q

Fill in the blank: __________ is a non-ergot dopamine agonist.

A

Ropinirole

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21
Q

What is the main goal of anti-parkinsonism drug therapy?

A

To improve motor symptoms and quality of life.

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22
Q

True or False: Anti-parkinsonism drugs can cure Parkinson’s disease.

A

False

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23
Q

What is the role of anticholinergic drugs in Parkinson’s disease?

A

They help reduce tremors and rigidity.

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24
Q

Which side effect is commonly associated with the use of dopamine agonists?

A

Nausea

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25
What type of drug is entacapone?
Entacapone is a COMT inhibitor.
26
Fill in the blank: __________ can cause sleep disturbances as a side effect.
Dopamine agonists
27
What is the significance of carbidopa when used with levodopa?
Carbidopa prevents levodopa from converting to dopamine before reaching the brain.
28
True or False: The side effects of anti-parkinsonism drugs are the same for all patients.
False
29
What is a potential side effect of long-term levodopa therapy?
Motor fluctuations
30
What is the mechanism of action of the drug selegiline?
Selegiline inhibits monoamine oxidase-B, increasing dopamine levels.
31
Which class of drugs is often used as first-line treatment for Parkinson's disease?
Dopaminergic agents
32
Fill in the blank: __________ is a side effect that can occur with anticholinergics.
Constipation
33
What is the primary action of dopamine agonists?
To stimulate dopamine receptors in the brain.
34
True or False: Patients on levodopa do not need to worry about dietary protein.
False
35
What is the role of the drug rasagiline in Parkinson's treatment?
Rasagiline is an MAO-B inhibitor that helps in increasing dopamine levels.
36
Which anti-parkinsonism drug is known for causing orthostatic hypotension?
Dopamine agonists
37
Fill in the blank: __________ is a common side effect of levodopa when used in high doses.
Dyskinesia
38
What is the mechanism of action of anticholinergic drugs?
They block the action of acetylcholine to reduce tremors.
39
What is the main reason for combining carbidopa with levodopa?
To minimize side effects and enhance the efficacy of levodopa.
40
True or False: The effectiveness of anti-parkinsonism drugs can diminish over time.
True
41
What is a common side effect of MAO-B inhibitors?
Headache
42
What is the mechanism of action of COMT inhibitors?
They inhibit catechol-O-methyltransferase, prolonging the effect of levodopa.
43
Fill in the blank: __________ is a non-dopaminergic medication sometimes used in Parkinson's treatment.
Amantadine
44
What is a potential side effect of using anticholinergics in the elderly?
Cognitive decline
45
Which anti-parkinsonism drug is primarily used to manage off episodes in patients on levodopa?
Entacapone
46
True or False: Dopamine agonists have a higher risk of causing edema compared to other classes.
True
47
What class of drugs is primarily prescribed for younger patients with mild symptoms?
Anticholinergics
48
What is the primary action of amantadine in Parkinson's disease?
It enhances dopamine release and blocks its reuptake.
49
What is the precursor to dopamine?
Levodopa
50
What are drugs that affect the brain's dopaminergic system called?
Dopaminergic agonists and inhibitors
51
Name two dopaminergic agonists.
Bromocriptine and Ropinirole
52
What is the role of Carbidopa and Benserazide?
They are peripheral decarboxylase inhibitors.
53
What are MAO-B inhibitors used for?
They are used as antiparkinsonian drugs.
54
Name two MAO-B inhibitors.
Selegiline and Rasagiline
55
What do COMT inhibitors do?
They inhibit the enzyme catechol-O-methyltransferase.
56
Name two COMT inhibitors.
Entacapone and Tolcapone
57
What are drugs that affect the brain's cholinergic system called?
Anticholinergics and central drugs like Amantadine
58
Name two anticholinergics.
Trihexyphenidyl and Procyclidine
59
What is the role of glutamate (NMDA receptor) antagonists?
They act as dopamine facilitators.
60
Name an antihistaminic drug.
Orphenadrine
61
What is another example of an antihistaminic drug?
Promethazine

Pharmacology (4 decks)

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