Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pharmacology II Exam I CVS Drugs > Anti-rhythmic Drugs > Flashcards

Anti-rhythmic Drugs Flashcards

(60 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is a common problem associated with digitalis pharmacologic treatment?

A

Cardiac arrhythmias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Should you treat asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic arrhythmias?

A

In general, treatment should be avoided

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is depolarization?

A

When the cells of the heart are activated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is repolarization?

A

When the cells of the heart are at rest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is occuring at the P-wave?

A

Atrial depolarization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is occuring at the QRS complex?

A

Ventricular contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is occurring at the T-wave?

A

Ventricular repolarization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is occurring during the ventricular filling phase?

A

Cardiac muscles are completely repolarized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the mechanisms of arrhythmias?

A

Disturbances in impulse formation and conduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What regulates the pacemaking activity?

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the pacemaking cells in the heart?

A

Purkinje cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What phase does disturbed early afterdepolarization (EADs) occur?

A

Phase 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What phase does disturbed delayed afterdepolarization (DADs) occur?

A

Phase 4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

EADs are usually triggered by factors that prolong action potential duration in the ventricle which leads to QT prolongation which leads to what adverse effects?

A

Torsades de pointes (specific V Tach), tachycardia, and other arrhythmias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

QT prolongation is caused by a

A

Blockage of rapidly activating delayed rectifier potassium channels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is an example of an intrinsic cause of QT prolongation?

A

Congenital long QT syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are examples of extrinsic causes of QT prolongation?

A

Medications (SSRI’s, SNRI’s and others)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

DADs can occur when there is an excess of what?

A

Excess accumulation of intracellular calcium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are some triggers of DADs?

A

Digitalis toxicity, excess catecholamines, myocardial ischemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

In complete heart block what cells can dictate ventricular rate?

A

Latent Purkinje Cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome?

A

re-entry circuit of atrial tissue, AV node, ventricular tissue, accessory AV connection (blockage of SA node)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the classic pattern seen on EKG in atrial flutter?

A

Sawtooth Pattern

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the types of arrhythmias?

A

Atrial Fibrillation
Atrial Flutter
AV Nodal Re-Entry (SVT)
Ventricular Fibrillation
Ventricular Tachycardia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are Class 1 anti-arrhythmic agents action?

A

Sodium channel blockade; these drugs have effects on the action potential duration

Reduce phase 0 slope and peak of action potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What are the Class 2 anti-arrhythmic agents action?
Sympatholytic, drugs with this action reduce B-adrenergic activity in the heart (SA Node activity) i.e. Beta Blockers (decrease heart rate and contractility)
26
What are the Class 3 anti-arrhythmic agents action?
Action manifests as prolongation of the action potential duration. Block rectifier potassium current. Delay repolarization (Phase 3)- increase ADP and ERP
27
What are the Class 4 anti-arrhythmic agents action?
Blockade of the cardiac calcium current. Slows conduction in regions where the action potential upstroke is calcium dependent (SA and AV node)
28
What is the absolute refractory period (ARP)?
Time during which another stimulus will not lead to another AP
29
What is the relative refractory period (RRP)?
Interval following ARP in which a 2nd stimulus is inhibited, but not impossible
30
What is the effective refractory period (ERP)?
Time in which a cell does not produce a new AP (phase 0, 1, 2, 3)
31
What drug can be used to treat AV block?
Atropine
32
What drug class can treat sinus tachycardia?
Class II, IV
33
What drug class can treat atrial fibrillation/flutter?
Class IA, IC, II, III, IV, digitalis
34
What drug class can treat SVT?
Class IA, IC, II, III, IV, adenosine
35
What drug class can treat ventricular tachycardia?
Class I, II, III
36
What drug class can treat premature ventricular complexes?
Class II, IV, magnesium sulfate
37
What can treat digitalis toxicity?
Class IB, magnesium sulfate
38
What drugs can not be used concomitantly with Class IA agents due to precipitating ventricular fibrillation?
Class I and Class III
39
What are the Class IA agents?
Procainamide Quinidine
40
What feature defines the clinical use of class IB agents?
Have greater effects on cells with long action potentials (Purkinje, ventricullar cells) compared to arterial cells
41
What are the Class IB agents?
Lidocaine Mexiletine
42
Of the Class IB agents, which drug has a narrow therapeutic index?
Mexiletine
43
What are the Class IC agents?
Flecainide Propafenone
44
For patients with heart failure with low EF (<35%) and/or hypertension what would be considered first line treatment in treating atrial fibrillation?
Amiodarone
45
For patients with CAD what would be considered first line treatment in treating atrial fibrillation?
Sotalol
46
What are the indications for Digoxin?
Primary indication is heart failure, also used to treat supraventricular tachydysrthythmias
47
What are the indications for Adenosine?
Drug of choice for terminating paroxysmal SVT Wolf-Parkinson-White Syndrome
48
What are the indications for Atropine?
Aborts life-threatening bradycardias, second degree and complete heart block
49
What are the indications for Quinidine and what is its drug class?
Class 1A Drug Broad-spectrum agent active against supraventricular and ventricular dysrhythmias
50
What class does Procainamide belong and what are it's primary indications?
Class 1A Acute arterial or ventricular arrythmias but toxicity makes it less desirable for long term use Can be used in Wolf-Parkinson-White
51
What class does Disopyramide belong and what is its primary indication?
Class 1A Ventricular Dyshythmias
52
What class does Lidocaine belong and what is its primary indication?
Class 1B Used only for short-term treatment of ventricular dyshythmias
53
What is an oral analogue of lidocaine used for chronic treatment of ventricular dysrhythmias?
Mexiletine (Class 1B)
54
What is the primary indication for Class 1C drugs?
Maintenance therapy of supraventricular dysrhythmias Flecainide Propafenone
55
What beta-blocker is most widely used to treat cardiac arrhythmias?
Metoprolol
56
What is the indication for Esmolol?
Immediate treatment of ventricular rate in patients with supraventricular arrhythmias only
57
What are the indications for Sotalol and what are the two drug classes in which it falls?
Life threatening ventricular arrhythmias or for cardioversion and maintenance of NSr with patients in aFib Class II and III
58
What are the indications for Amiodarone?
Highly effective against both arterial and ventricular dysrythmias Approved only for life-threatening ventricular dysrhythmia that have been refractory tosafer agents
59
What are the major side effects of Amiodarone?
Pulmonary fibrosis, thyroid toxicity, visual impairment, photosensitivity, hepatotoxicity, and hepatotoxicity
60
What class III medication has the longest half-life?
Amioradone (20-100 days)

Pharmacology II Exam I CVS Drugs (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions