Anti-Viral Agents

Question 1

Agents that treat herpes

Answer 1

inhibit DNA poly

“ash cycled the valley with family”
acyclovir, valacyclovir, famciclovir
“CICLOVIR” AND “CYCLOVIR”

Question 2

acyclovir

Answer 2

treats herpes
prodrug, must be P by viral kinase
most widely prescribed antiviral
incorporated into viral DNA and inhibits DNA poly
higher affinity for viral DNA poly
SE: GI upset, renal damage, CNS: delirium

Question 3

Valacyclovir

Answer 3

treats herpes
prodrug
metabolized to acyclovir
must be given orally

Question 4

Treats cytomegalovirus

Answer 4

inhibit viral DNA polymerase

“can val grab a cider in fos’ car”
ganciclovir, valganciclovir, cidofovir, foscarnet

Question 5

ganciclovir

Answer 5

treats cytomegalovirus
prodrug
SE: neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, teratogenic

Question 6

Cidofovir

Answer 6

treats cytomegalovirus

SE: nephrotoxicity & renal damage

Question 7

Foscarnet

Answer 7

not a prodrug, does not need to be P
directly inhibits DNA poly
SE: renal damage
given IV 3x daily

Question 8

agents used to treat hep B

Answer 8

"latte"
lamivudine, adefovir, telbivudine, tenofovir, entecavir
inhibit hep B reverse transcriptase
treat HIV
SE: lactic acidosis & hepatomegaly

Question 9

Given examples of RNA viruses

Answer 9

resp syncytial virus, influenza A & B, hepatitis, HIV

Question 10

Treatment for RSV

Answer 10

most common cause of pneumonia

ribavirin & palivizumab

Question 11

ribavirin

Answer 11

treats RSV
inhibits RNA dependent DNA poly
SE: pregnancy X, hemolytic anemia, decreased pulmonary function

Question 12

palivizumab

Answer 12

monoclonal Ab, humanized
works against antigenic site of RSV which is necessary for fusion of virus with target cell
only prophylactic

Question 13

treats influenza A

Answer 13

virus is taken up by endosomes and opens channel that H ions enter to release viral genetic material–resistance.
amantadine & rimantadine (fewer SE)

amantadine
bocks formation of H channels in endosome–blocks ion transport channel
SE: renal failure, teratogenic, CNS–seizures, nausea

Question 14

influenza A & B

Answer 14

zanamivir & oseltamivir
neuraminidase inhibitors–don’t allow virus to release from host cell
SE: nausea, diarrhea, psychosis, hallucinations
dry powder

Question 15

hepatitis virus

Answer 15

use recombinant interferon alpha with
-boceprevir, telaprevir, simeprevir, sofsobuvir
decreased viral synthesis
SE: fatigue, depression, flu symptoms

Question 16

treats HIV

Answer 16

treat HIV
nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors
SE: hepatomegaly and lactic acidosis, myopathy, anemai, pancreatitis
“DAZLES T”
didanosine, abacavir, zidovudine, lamivudine, emtricitabine, stavudine, telbivudine

Question 17

what is the NRTI that is already phosphorylated

Answer 17

tenofovir

Question 18

non nucleoside RT inhibitors

Answer 18

treat HIV
bind non-active sites on the RT
enzyme inhibitors

“never delay efficacious viruses”
1st–nevirapine & delavirdine (hepatotoxic, stevus johnson)
efavirenz–CNS toxicity, memory loss, rash

2nd–etravirine & rilpivirine
higher potency, longer half life, less SE

Question 19

Protease inhibitors

Answer 19

treat HIV
enzyme inhibitor
“NAVIR”
ritonavir–most potent p450 inhibitor

SE of all protease inhibit: GI upset, altered fat distribution, diabetes

Question 20

fusion inhibitor

Answer 20

treats HIV
enfuvirtide–insomnia, binds site on virus
maraviroc–blocks binding site, allergic rxn

integrase inhibitor
“gravir”
–reltegravir, dulutegravir, elvitegravir

Question 21

Name some DNA viruses

Answer 21

herpes, CMV, varicella