Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pharm 225B > Anti-Virals > Flashcards

Anti-Virals Flashcards

(49 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Anti-tuberculosis Agents (5)

A
  • Isoniazid (INH)
  • Rifampin
  • Rifapentine
  • Pyrazinamine
  • Ethambutol

*all PO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Isoniazid (INH) use/moa

A
  • bactericidal activity in TB treatment
  • MoA: inhibits synthesis of mycobacterial wall
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Isoniazid (INH) AEs/BBW

A
  • AEs: peripheral neuropathy (reduce with Vit B6)
  • BBW: severe hepatitis & potent CYP inhibitor
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Rifampin/rifapentine use/moa

A

*rifapentine is long acting analog of rifampin
- bactericidal activity in TB treatment
- MoA: inhibits RNA synthesis by blocking RNA transcription

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Rifampin/rifapentine AEs

A
  • hepatotoxicity
  • red/orange body secretions that stain
  • potent CYP inducer
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Pyrazinamine use/moa/AEs

A
  • bactericidal activity in TB treatment
  • MoA unknown
  • AEs: hepatotoxicity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Ethambutol use/Moa

A
  • bacteriostatic activity in TB treatment
  • MoA unknown
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

choice of drugs for uncomplicated, LATENT TB

A
  • INH 6-9 months
  • Rifampin 4 months
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

choice of drugs for uncomplicated, ACTIVE TB

A

*think RIPE
- Rifampin
- INH
- Pyrazinamide
- Ethambutol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

drugs for herpes simplex virus (HSV 1& 2) & varicella zoster virus (VZV) (2)

A
  • Acyclovir (PO, IV, topical) *prototype
  • Valacyclovir (PO) *prodrug of acyclovir
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Vala/Acyclovir MoA

A
  • inhibition of viral replication by inhibiting viral DNA polymerase/incorporation of growing viral DNA strand –> no viral DNA synthesis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Vala/Acyclovir side effects (not AEs)

A
  • malaise, headache, N/V/D
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Vala/Acyclovir specifically treats what for HSV/VZV

A

HSV-1 –> prevent cold sores
HSV-2 –> reduce severity and frequency of genital herpes (does not eliminate)
VZV –> chicken pox and shingles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Valganciclovir use/moa

A
  • prevention and treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV)
  • (same MoA as acyclovir) inhibition of viral replication by inhibiting viral DNA polymerase/incorporation of growing viral DNA strand –> no viral DNA synthesis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

drugs for Hep C (5ish)

A
  • Interferon alpha 2a & 2b
  • Ribavirin
  • NS3/4A serine protease inhibitors
  • NS5A serine protease inhibitors
  • NS5B inhibitors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q
  • Interferon alpha 2a & 2b route/moa
A
  • subQ
  • MoA: binds receptors on HOST cell membranes to block VIRAL entry, viral mRNA/proteins synthesis and release
    *used in combo with ribavirin for Hep C tx
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q
  • Interferon alpha 2a & 2b advantage/AEs/BBW
A
  • long half life, admin only 1xs/week
    AEs:
  • flu like syndrome
  • depression/suicide
  • combo use may cause birth defects
    BBW: cause/worsen autoimmunes, infections, ischemic events
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Ribavirin route/MoA

A
  • PO but used in combo with Interferon alpha 2a & 2b
  • MoA: inhibits Hep C virus polymerase activity –> no viral RNA replication
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Ribavirin AE/BBW

A
  • hemolytic anemia within first 2 weeks of tx
  • BBW: significant teratogenic effects, avoid in pregnancy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

NS3/4A serine protease inhibitors drugs/route (2)

Study These Flashcards
A

*end in -previr
- Simeprevir - PO
- paritaprevir - PO

21
Q

Simeprevir/paritaprevir MoA/indication

Study These Flashcards
A
  • MoA: inhibit NS3/4A serine protease –> prevent HCV replication and maturation
  • indication: chronic HCV in combo with other agents
    *NOT as monotherapy
22
Q

Simeprevir/paritaprevir AEs

Study These Flashcards
A

fatigue, N/V, anemia, headache, severe rash

23
Q

NS5A serine protease inhibitors drugs/route (2)

Study These Flashcards
A

*end in -Asvir
- ombitAsvir - PO
- ledipAsvir - PO

24
Q

OmbitAsvir usually used in combo with..

Study These Flashcards
A

paritaPrevir + ritonavir

25
LedipAsvir usually used in combo with..
sofosBuvir
26
OmbitAsvir/LedipAsvir MoA/Indications
- MoA: inhibit NS5A serine protease --> no HCV maturation - treat chronic HCV in combo with other HCV drugs *NOT for monotherapy
27
OmbitAsvir/LedipAsvir AEs
- headache, fatigue, N/V, anemia
28
NS5B inhibitor drug/route
*ends in -Buvir - SofosBuvir (prodrug converted in liver) - PO
29
SofosBuvir MoA/indication
- MoA: HCV NS5B polymerase inhibitor - indication: first line agent in combo with other HCV drugs *NOT for monotherapy
30
SofosBuvir AEs
- fatigue - diarrhea - anemia - Headache
31
classes of meds for HIV tx (highly active antiretroviral treatment) (6)
- nucleoside/tide RTIs (NRTIs) - non-nucleoside RTIs (NNRTIs) - protease Inhibitors (PIs) - integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTI) - HIV fusion inhibitor - CCR5 Antagonists
32
NRTIs drugs/route/moa
* all PO - Emtricitabine - Tenofovir - blocks incorporation of viral DNA by preventing reverse transcriptase to add more bases
33
NRTIs AE/BBW
- pruritus, rash - BBW: lactic acidosis, severe hepatomegaly
34
NNRTIs drug/route/moa
*PO - Efavirenz - direct inhibition of HIV reverse transcriptase
35
NNRTIs AEs
- Erythema, rash, SJS - Liver failure - depression, psychosis, suicidal thoughts - teratogen --> avoid in pregnancy
36
Protease Inhibitor (PI) drug/route/moA
- Ritonavir - PO - Inhibits HIV protease -->prevent maturation of HIV
37
Ritoniavir (PI) AEs
- AV block, prolonged PR interval - hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia - pancreatitis - hepatitis, hepatotoxicity - immune hypersensitivity reaction - SJS - BBW: co admin w/ hypnotics, anti-arrythmics/ergot derivatives --> life threatening AEs due to CYP enzyme inhibition
38
INSTI drug/route/moa
- Elvintegravir - PO - Inhibit HIV integrase --> prevent viral DNA integration into human nucleus and DNA
39
HIV fusion inhibitor drug/route/moa
- Enfuvirtide - Sub Q - Prevent HIV infusion with lymphocyte cell membrane --> block HIV entry and replication
40
CCR5 Antagonist drug/route/moa
- Maraviroc - PO - binds CCR5 receptor --> blocks viral entry
41
HIV regimens (3 general types, at least 3 meds in each)
- NNRTI based (1 NNRTI + 2 NRTIs) - INSTI based ( INSTI + 2 NRTIs) - Boosted PI (PI + 2 NRTIs)
42
Neuraminidase inhibitor drugs/routes (3)
*ends in -mivir - Oseltamivir - PO - Zanamivir - Inhalation - Peramivir - IV
43
Neuraminidase inhibitor Moa/AE
- MoA: inhibits neuraminidase (enzyme requires for viral replication); active against influenza A, B & H1N1 - AE: N/V --> give with food to avoid
44
Baloxavir MoA/AEs
- MoA: selectively inhibits endonuclease function in the polymerase acidic proteins, that are essential for viral replication - AEs: diarrhea, bronchitis, nausea, sinusitis, headache
45
Approved COVID19 drugs/routes (3)
- Tocilizumab - IV/SubQ - Remdesivir - IV - Baricitinib - PO
46
Tocilizumab MoA/Indication
- MoA: binds to IL6 receptors, inhibits IL6 inflammatory pathways - Ind: hospitalized COVID adults, on corticosteroids, supp. O2, mechanical ventilation, or ECMO
47
Remdesivir MoA/Indication
- MoA: a direct acting antiviral that inhibits viral RNA synthesis - Ind: tx for COVID adults/peds, in or out of hospital, with mild-moderate COVID and are at high risk for severe progression (hospitalization or death)
48
Baricitinib MoA/Indication
- MoA: JAK inhibitor, reduces IL6 inflammatory responses; directly interfere with endocytosis of SARS-CoV-2 into susceptible cells - Ind: tx for COVID adults in hospital on supp. oxygen, mechanical ventilation, or ECMO
49
Paxlovid (nirmatrelvir + ritonavir) indication/MoA
- emergency antiviral used for tx of adults/peds with mild-moderate COVID - MoA: nirmatrelvir inhibits required breakdown of viral proteins necessary for viral replication; Ritonavir increases the effect of nirmatrelvir via CYP3A4 inhibitions

Pharm 225B (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions