Antibacterial Antibiotics Flashcards
(89 cards)
1
Q
Lincomycin came from the microorganism called
A
Streptomyces Lincolensis
2
Q
Cycloserine came from microorganisms called
A
Streptomyces orchidaceus
Streptomyces lavendulus
Streptomyces garyphalus
3
Q
Vancomycin came from the microorganism called
A
Streptomyces orientalis
4
Q
Chloramphenicol came from the microorganism called
A
Streptomyces venezulae
5
Q
Streptomycin came from the microorganism called
A
Streptomyces griseus
6
Q
Neomycin came from the microorganism called
A
Streptomyces fradiae
7
Q
Chlortetracycline came from the microorganism called
A
Streptomyces aureofaciens
8
Q
Oxytetracycline came from the microorganism called
A
Streptomyces rimosus
9
Q
Erythromycin came from the microorganism called
A
Streptomyces erythreus
10
Q
Rifampicin came from the microorganism called
A
Streptomyces mediterranei
11
Q
Natamycin came from the microorganism called
A
Streptomyces natalensis
12
Q
Capreomycin came from the microorganism called
A
Streptomyces capreolin
13
Q
Amphotericin B came from the microorganism called
A
Streptomyces nodosus
14
Q
Nystatin came from the microorganism called
A
Streptomyces noursei
15
Q
Penicillin came from the microorganism called
A
Penicillium notatum
16
Q
Penicillinase-resistant pens came from the microorganism called
A
Penicillium chrysogenium
17
Q
Cephalosporin came from the microorganism called
A
Cephalosporium acremonium
18
Q
Bacitracin came from the microorganism called
A
Bacillus subtilis
19
Q
Colistin came from the microorganism called
A
Bacillus colistinus
20
Q
Polymixin came from the microorganism called
A
Bacillus polymyxa
21
Q
Gentamicin came from the microorganism called
A
Micromonospora purpurea
22
Q
equivalent units of 1 mg Pen G Na
A
1,667 U
23
Q
equivalent units of 1 mg Pen G
A
1,530 U
24
Q
equivalent units of 1 mg Pen Procaine
A
1,009 U
25
Beta lactam ring is acid....
sensitive
26
Benzyl Penicillin
Pen G
27
Gold standard penicillin
Pen G
28
Phenoxymethylpenicillin
Pen V
29
the active component of penicillin
beta lactam
30
ring present in penicillin
Thiazolidine ring
31
responsible for the solubility of penicillin
carboxylic acid
32
responsible for the spectrum of activity of penicillin
acylamino group
33
Pen G is acid labile/instable unless given with
antacids
34
Pen G is rapidly eliminated thus _ forms were made - _, _
Pen G is rapidly eliminated thus REPOSITORY forms were made, Pen G Procaine, Pen G Benzathine
35
Penicillin which has a uniform concentration with blood
Pen V
36
Differentiate Pen G and Pen V based on its SAR
Pen V has an additional of electron withdrawing electron, oxygen which makes it acid STABLE thus can be given ORALLY. Unlike Pen G which is acid SENSITIVE/LABILE thus given parenterally.
37
In penicillinase-resistant drugs its SAR is the substitution of BULKIER groups which are
Isoxazolyl
Di-ortho substituted aromatic ring
Naphthyl ring
38
Which among the group describes methicillin:
a. 2,6-DImethoxyphenylpenicillin
b. 2-ETHOXYL-1-phenylpenicillin
2,6-dimethoxyphenylpenicillin
Nafcillin is 2-ETHOXYL-1-phenylpenicillin
39
prototype penicillinase resistant drug
methicillin
40
What group is present in Methicillin
Di-ortho substituted ring
41
What group is present in Nafcillin
Naphthyl ring
42
Penicillins with Isoxazolyl ring
Oxacillin
Cloxacillin
Dicloxacillin
Flucoxacillin
43
Which among the following describes Cloxacillin
a. 5-Methyl-3-phenyl-4-isoxazolylpenicillin
b. 5-Methyl-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-4-isoxazolylpenicillin
c. 5-Methyl-3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-4-isoxazolylpenicillin
5-Methyl-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-4-isoxazolylpenicillin
Cloxacillin has only 1 chlorine
Dicloxacillin has 2 chlorine
44
Which among the following describes Cloxacillin
a. 5-Methyl-3-phenyl-4-isoxazolylpenicillin
b. 5-Methyl-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-4-isoxazolylpenicillin
c. 5-Methyl-3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-4-isoxazolylpenicillin
5-Methyl-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-4-isoxazolylpenicillin
Cloxacillin has only 1 chlorine
Dicloxacillin has 2 chlorine
45
Which among the following describes Oxacillin
a. 5-Methyl-3-phenyl-4-isoxazolylpenicillin
b. 5-Methyl-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-4-isoxazolylpenicillin
c. 5-Methyl-3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-4-isoxazolylpenicillin
5-Methyl-3-phenyl-4-isoxazolylpenicillin
46
Electron withdrawing group present in cloxacillin and dicloxacillin
Chlorine
47
Electron withdrawing group present in Pen V
Oxygen
48
Aminopenicillins have antibac spectrum similar to pen g but more effective against
gram negative bacilli
49
Which among describes ampicillin
a. alpha-amino benzylpenicillin
b. alpha-amino-para-hydroxybenzylpenicillin
alpha-amino benzylpenicillin
50
Give the 2 aminopenicillins
Ampicillin
Amoxicillin
51
The only aminopenicillin who can penetrate the GI tract thus given orally
Amoxicillin
52
Give the IV prodrugs of ampicillin
Hetacillin
Bacampicillin
Cyclacillin
Pivampicillin
53
Electron withdrawing group present in amoxicillin
Hydroxyl
54
Amoxicillin is administered orally or parenterally?
orally because of the presence of an electron withdrawing group - hydroxyl
55
Extended Spectrum Penicillins are also known as
Antipseudomonal
56
Give the 2 extended spectrum penicillins and examples of it
Carboxypenicillins
-Carbenicillin
-Ticarcillin
Ureidopenicillin
-Mezlocillin
-Piperacillin
57
prototype of antipseudomonal drugs
carbenicillin (under carboxypenicillin)
58
are carboxypenicillins, carbenicillin and ticarcillin acid stable?
no, they are administered parenterally
59
An acylureidopenicillin recommended for serious infections
Mezlocillin
60
Most potent, generally useful extended-spectrumn
Piperacillin
61
Piperacillin is acid...
unstable given IV/IM
62
first widely used amine salt of pen G was made with
Procaine
63
units/mg of Pen G Benzathine
1,211 units/mg
64
units/mg of Pen V
1,695 units/mg
65
prodrug of ampicilillin with no antibacterial activity
Bacampicillin
66
agent of choice against Haemophilus influenzae infections
Ampicillin
67
penicillins interfere with the last step of cell wall synthesis which is called
transpeptidation
68
Route of administration of Pen G
PO, IV, IM
69
True or False
Pen G is used for RHD and Syphilis
True
70
What class of penicillins are narrow, broad and extended spectrum?
Narrow - Penicillinase-resistant/Antistaphylococcal
Broad - Aminopenicillins
Extended - Antipseudomonal
71
most potent anti-pseudomonal penicillin
piperacillin
72
True or False
Probenecid is also sometimes given together with penicillin antibiotics
True
73
Type of Beta-Lactamase inhibitors which only:
1. protect the beta-lactam ring
2. prolong duration of action of penicillin
3. extend the spectrum of activity of penicillins
Type I Beta-Lactamase inhibitors
74
Give the class I beta-lactamase inhibitors
Clavulanic Acid
Sulbactam
Tazobactam
75
Give the class II beta-lactamase inhibitors
Carbapenems
-Imipenem
Newer carbapenems
-meropenem
-biapenem
Cilastatin
Thienamycin
Monobactam
-aztreonam
76
1st carbapenem
Imipenem
77
Impinem and Thienamycin are inactivated by DHP
True
78
DHP inhibitor
Cilastatin
79
Monobactam
_ methoxy group was responsible for B-lactamase stability series, contributed to the low antibacterial potency and poor chemical stability
3
80
are newer carbapenems stable to DHP? name the 2 of them
Meropenem
Biapenem
81
Nucleus of penicillins
6-APA (6-aminopenicillanic acid)
82
Nucleus of cephalosporins
7-ACA or 7-APDA
7-aminocephalosporanic acid or 7-aminodeacetoxycephalosporanic acid
83
Name the ring that is present in cephalosporin
Dihydrothiazine ring
84
Most reactive site in cephalosporin
Acetoxylmethyl
85
Addition of dihydrothiazine ring in cephalosporin makes it more or less strained and reactive?
less
86
if your solvent is _ (acid/base) cephalosporin hydrolyzes with a hydrolytic product of:
acid, 7-ACA or 7-ADCA
87
If you are allergic to penicillin, then you are also allergic to cephalosporin
True because they both have beta lactam ring
88
Adverse reaction of Cephalosporin
Allergic and hypersensitivity
Mild rashes
Anaphylaxis
89
a close congener of Pen N which contains the dihydrothiazine ring
Cephalosporin C
