Antibacterial: Drug Classes

Question 1

What Drug Categories Target cell wall synthesis?

Answer 1

Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Carbepanems
Monobactams (Aztreonam)
Glycopeptides (Vanco)
Polypeptides(bacitracin)
Phosphoenolpyruvate (Fosfomycin)
B-Lactamase Inhibitors (Clavulanic Acid)

Question 2

What Drug Categories target the cell membrane?

Answer 2

Lipopeptides(Daptomycin)

Detergents (Polymyxin B)

Question 3

What Drug Categories Are Protein Synthesis Inhibitors?

Answer 3

Tetracyclines
Aminoglycosides
Macrolides and
Others (Clindamycin, Chloamphenicol, and Linezolid)

Question 4

What Drug Categories Affect Folate Synthesis, gyrase and damage DNA?

Answer 4

Sulfonamides
Trimethoprim
Fluoroquinolones
Metronidazole

Question 5

What protiens are inhibited by Penicillins?

Answer 5

Penicillin Binding Proteins!

Question 6

What are the B-Lactam Compunds?

Answer 6

Penicillins, Cephalosporins, monobactams and carbapenems

Question 7

What is the Main Adverse effet of Penicilins?

Answer 7

Hypersensitivity (rash to anaphylaxis)

X reactive to other Abtx?

Question 8

What Penicillin drug is resistant to B Lactamase?

Answer 8

Methicillin

Question 9

What are the Broad spectrum Penicillins that affect mostly G+ Cocci?

Answer 9

Ampicillin and Amoxicillin

Question 10

What are the Extended spectrum Penicillins that affect mostly G- Rods and Pseudomonas?

Answer 10

Piperacillin
Ticarcillin
Azlocillin

Question 11

What are the narrow spectrum Penicillins that treat Strep, Pneumo, Meningio and Syphilis?

Answer 11

Penicillin G and Penicillin V

Question 12

What are the Very narrow Spectrum Penicillins that treat Staph (NOT MRSA)?

Answer 12

Methicillin
Nafcillin
Oxacillin

Question 13

What drug combo is given to overcome B-Lactamase?

Answer 13

Amoxicillin and Clavulanic Acid(Augmentin)

Question 14

What are the adverse effects of Cephalosporins?

Answer 14

Hypersensitivity

Question 15

Why might we use Cephalosporin instead of Penicillin?

Answer 15

If they are allergic to Penicillin&raquo_space; Cephalosporin

Question 16

What has changed as new generations of Cephalosporins have come out?

Answer 16

They become more broad spectrum.

Question 17

What are the 3rd Generation Cephalosporins?

Answer 17

CEFTRIAXONE
Cefotaxime
Cefdinir
Cefixime

Question 18

What are the 4th Generation Cephalosporins?

Answer 18

Cefpime

Question 19

What is important about 3-4th gen Cephalosporins?

Answer 19

They can penetrate into the CNS (Meningitis)

Question 20

What is important abotu using Monobactam Abtx?

Answer 20

CNS Penetration
Used for more serous infections because they are resistant to B-Lactamase.
ONLY G- rods

Question 21

What other drug is used with Carbapenems so it isn’t inactivated?

Answer 21

Imipenem is administered with Cilastatin.

Question 22

What is the MOA of Carbapenems?

Answer 22

Bind to PBPs

Question 23

What is the main Adverse effct to Carbapenems?

Answer 23

GI Reactions

Question 24

What is a unique instance where Vancomycin is the Go-to drug?

Answer 24

MRSA

Question 25

What is the key adverse effect of vancomycin?

Answer 25

Flushing(red neck or "red man syndrome"

Question 26

What is the B-Lactam drug that doesn't bind the PBP?

Answer 26

Vancomycin

Question 27

What part of Cell wall synthesis does Vancomycin bind to?

Answer 27

D-Alanine-D-Alanine | It's a steric Inhibitor

Question 28

What is the MOA of Bacitracin?

Answer 28

Inhibit incorporation of AAs and NAs into Cell Wall.

Question 29

What is the common application of Bacitrracin?

Answer 29

OTC Topical Antibiotics

Question 30

What is the MOA of Fosfomycin?

Answer 30

Blocks synth of UDP-N-acetylmuramic acid. Disaccharide building blocks...

Question 31

What is the main application for fosfomycin?

Answer 31

UTI treatment

Question 32

What is the MOA of Protein synthesis inhbitors.

Answer 32

Bacteriostatic. Binds to the Bacterial Ribosomes

Question 33

What form of Ribosome is included in Bacteria?

Answer 33

70S(50S and 30S)

Question 34

What is the MOA of Aminoglycocides? -mycin

Answer 34

Binds to 30S blocks initiation step. (step1)

Question 35

What are the adverse effects of Aminoglycosides?

Answer 35

Nephrotoxicity | Ototoxicity

Question 36

What 3 drugs are included in the macrolides?

Answer 36

Erythromycin, Clarithromycin, Azithromycin

Question 37

What is the MOA of Macrolides?

Answer 37

Binds 50S and impairs translocation to the P site. Step4 blocks the TRNA from moving

Question 38

What are the Adverse effects of Macrolides?

Answer 38

Rough on the GI tract. Increases Motility.

Question 39

What are the adverse effects of Tetracycline?

Answer 39

Binds to Calcium. Discolors teeth. Disrupts normal flora Photosensitivity.