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4th yr- CMS- drugs and medication > antibacterial drugs > Flashcards

antibacterial drugs Flashcards

1
Q

When looking at the ideal antibiotics what factors do we consider

A
  1. Spectrum of action
  2. Effect on the patient’s cells
  3. Route of administration
  4. Duration of action
  5. Route of excretion/ metabolism
  6. Interaction with other drugs
  7. Side effects
  8. Resistance
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2
Q

What do we mean by effect on bacteria

A

bacterostatic vs bactericidal

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3
Q

What do we mean by bacterostatic

A

Antibiotic stops replication of bacteria

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4
Q

What do we mean by bactericidal

A

Antibiotics kills bacteria

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5
Q

Do we prefer bactericidal or bacterostatic effect on bacteria

A

bactericidal

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6
Q

What do we mean by spectrum of action

A

Narrow vs broad

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7
Q

What do we mean narrow spectrum of action

A

Antibiotic strops replication or kills a narrow range of bacterial species

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8
Q

What do we mean broad spectrum of action

A

Antibiotic strops replication or kills a wide range of bacterial species

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9
Q

Do we prefer a narrow or broad spectrum of action

A

It depends on if the broad spectrum will harm our healthy bacteria

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10
Q

Do we want the antibiotic to affect the patients cells

A

no

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11
Q

What can happen if antibiotics affect the patents cells

A
  1. Allergies
  2. Autotoxic
  3. Can damage the kidneys
  4. Can damage the lover
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12
Q

Do want the antibiotic to have a short or long duration of action

A

Long so need to take it at larger intervals

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13
Q

What actions can antibiotics inhibit to affect bacterias life

A
  1. DNA replication
  2. Ribosome funciton
  3. Folate synthesis
  4. Cell wall synthesis
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14
Q

Give examples of antibiotics that affect DNA replication

A

Metronidazole

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15
Q

Give examples of antibiotics that affect Ribosome function

A

Macrolides
Tetracycline
Aminoglycosides

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16
Q

Give examples of antibiotics that affect folate synthesis

A

Suphonamide

Trimethoprim

17
Q

Give examples of antibiotics that affect cell wall synthesis

A

Penicillins

Cephalosporins

18
Q

How does Metronidazole work

A

By inhibiting DNA replication and degrading existing DNA

19
Q

List the qualities of Metronidazole

A
  1. Indicated against anaerobic infections
  2. Bacterocidal
  3. Interacts with alcohol
20
Q

How does Metronidazole interact with alcohol

A

Prevents the metabolism of alcohol leading to severe nausea and vomiting

21
Q

Name some macrolide antibiotics

A
  1. Erythromycin
  2. Clarithromycin
  3. Azithromycin
22
Q

How do macrolide antibiotics work

A

They bind to 50s ribosome subunits

23
Q

List the qualities of macrolides

A
  1. Bacteriostatic
  2. Broad spectrum
  3. Can cause Gastrointestinal disturbances
24
Q

How does tetracycline work

A

Binds to 30s ribosome subunits thus inhibiting protein synthesis

25
Q

List the qualities of tetracycline

A
  1. Mixed bactericidal and static
  2. Broad spectrum
  3. Is deposited in growing bones and teeth leading to staining
26
Q

How do aminoglycosides work

A

inhibits 30s ribosome subunits thus inhibiting protein production

27
Q

List the qualities of aminoglycosides

A
  1. Bactericidal
  2. Broad spectrum agaisnt gram negative bacteria
  3. Used often in combination with cephalosporin
  4. Nephrotoxic and ototoxic
28
Q

How do trimethoprim work

A

Inhibits folate synthesis and interferes with DNA replication

29
Q

List the qualities of trimethoprim

A
  1. Bacteriostatic

2. Frequently used in UTIs

30
Q

How do penicillins and cephalosporins work

A
  1. Inhibit peptidoglycan cross linking in cell wall
31
Q

List the qualities of penicillins

A
  1. Bactericidal

2. Narrow spectrum

32
Q

List the qualities of cephalosporins

A
  1. Bactericidal

2. broad spectrum

33
Q

List the qualities of amoxicillin

A
  1. Bactericidal

2. broad spectrum

34
Q

What do we usually prescribe penicillins or cephalosporins with

A

Clavulanic acid or co amoxiclav to tackle resistance

35
Q

How can bacteria become resistance

A
  1. Can precent entry of antibiotic into cell
  2. Cleavage of antibiotic structure eg beta lactamases
  3. Alteration to structure making antibiotic unable to enter or bind to cell
  4. Can alter site of action of the antibiotic
36
Q

what are the general precision we take with antibiotics

A
  1. All antibiotics can interfere with gut flora
  2. Risk of clostridium difficile
  3. Interaction with warfarin

4th yr- CMS- drugs and medication (4 decks)

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