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Pharmacology > Antibacterial Drugs - Inhibitors of Cell Wall Synthesis > Flashcards

Antibacterial Drugs - Inhibitors of Cell Wall Synthesis Flashcards

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1
Q

Natural Penicillins - Drugs

A 
Penicillin G (benzylpenicillin)
Penicillin V
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2
Q

Antistaphlococcal Penicillins - Drugs

A

Cloxacillin

Flucloxacillin

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3
Q

Broad Spectrum Penicillins - Drugs

A

Amoxicillin
Ampicillin
Co-Amoxiclav (Amoxicillin&Clauvanic Acid)

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4
Q

Antipseudomonal Penicillins - Drugs

A

Piperacillin

Carbenicillin

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5
Q

Gen 1 Cephalosporins - Drugs

A

Cefalexin

Cefadroxil

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6
Q

Gen 2 Cephalosporins - Drugs

A

Cefuroxime

Cefamandole

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7
Q

Gen 3 Cephalosporins - Drugs

A

Ceftriaxone

Cefotaxime

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8
Q

Gen 4 Cephalosporins - Drugs

A

Cefepime

Cefpirome

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9
Q

Carbapenems - Drugs

A

Imipenem

Meropenem

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10
Q

Monobactams

A

Azetronam

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11
Q

Penicillin G/V - MOA

A

Bactericidal
Binds to penicillin binding proteins
Inhibits cross linkage of cell wall

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12
Q

Penicillin G - Spectrum

A

Strepto-/Pneumo-/Menigococcal infxns

Syphilis

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13
Q

Penicillin G/V - Adverse Effects

A 
Hypersensitivity
Cross Sensitivity
GIT disturbances 
Superinfections (neutropenia/granulocytosis)
Pseudomembranous colitis
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14
Q

Penicillin G/V - D/I

A

Benzathine/Probenecid inhibits renal tubular secretion ∴↑ serum levels and half life
↓ efficacy of COCP

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15
Q

Penicillin G/V - C/I

A

Pregnancy
Neonates
Elderly

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16
Q

Penicillin G - Kinetics

A

Acid Labile

Excreted via kidney unchanged

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17
Q

Penicillin V - Spectrum

A

Streptococcal tonsillitis

Minor infxns

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18
Q

Penicillin V - Kinetics

A

Acid Stable
Excreted via kidney unchanged
2-4X less potent than Pen.G

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19
Q

(Flu)Cloxacillin - MOA

A

Bactericidal
Binds to penicillin binding proteins
Inhibits cross linkage of cell wall

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20
Q

(Flu)Cloxacillin - Kinetics

A

B-lactamase resistant
Acid Stable
Excreted via kidney unchanged
Less potent than Pen.G

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21
Q

(Flu)Cloxacillin - Spectrum

A

Mild betalactamase +ve staphlococcal infxns

Not often used alone

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22
Q

(Flu)Cloxacillin - Adverse Effects

A 
Hypersensitivity
Cross Sensitivity
GIT disturbances 
Superinfections
Pseudomembranous colitis
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23
Q

(Flu)Cloxacillin - D/I

A

Benzathine/Probenecid inhibits renal tubular secretion ∴↑ serum levels and half life
↓ efficacy of COCP

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24
Q

(Flu)Cloxacillin - C/I

A

Pregnancy
Neonates
Elderly

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25
Amoxicillin/Ampicillin - MOA
Bactericidal Binds to penicillin binding proteins Inhibits cross linkage of cell wall
26
Amoxicillin/Ampicillin - Kinetics
B-lactamase sensitive Ampicillin - absorption decreased by food Amoxicillin - absorption not decreased by food
27
Amoxicillin/Ampicillin - Spectrum
Gram +ve enterococci and listeria Gram -ve bacilli (hydrophylic amino s.chain) L. monocytogenes (amp) RTIS (amp) Prophylaxis for patients with abnormal heart valves (amo)
28
Amoxicillin/Ampicillin - D/I
Benzathine/Probenecid inhibits renal tubular secretion ∴↑ serum levels and half life ↓ efficacy of COCP
29
Amoxicillin/Ampicillin - C/I
Pregnancy Neonates Elderly
30
Co-Amoxiclav - MOA
Bactericidal Amoxicillin - Cell wall detruction Clauvanic acid - inhibits B-lactamase enzymes
31
Co-Amoxiclav - Spectrum
RTIs Skin/Skin infrastruncture infxns Bite wound infxns
32
Co-Amoxiclav - D/I
Benzathine/Probenecid inhibits renal tubular secretion ∴↑ serum levels and half life ↓ efficacy of COCP
33
Co-Amoxiclav - C/I
Pregnancy Neonates Elderly
34
Piperacillin - MOA
Bactericidal Binds to penicillin binding proteins Inhibits cross linkage of cell wall
35
Piperacillin - Spectrum
Gram -ve bacilli excl. Klebsiella | Extended spectrum
36
Piperacillin - Adverse effects
``` Hypersensitivity Cross Sensitivity Fluid retention GIT disturbances Superinfections Pseudomembranous colitis ```
37
Co-Amoxiclav - Adverse effects
``` Hypersensitivity Cross Sensitivity GIT disturbances Superinfections Pseudomembranous colitis Seizures at high doses ```
38
Piperacillin - D/I
Benzathine/Probenecid inhibits renal tubular secretion ∴↑ serum levels and half life ↓ efficacy of COCP
39
Piperacillin - C/I
Pregnancy Neonates Elderly
40
Meropenem/Imipenem - MOA
Bactericidal Binds to penicillin binding proteins Inhibits cross linkage of cell wall
41
Imipenem - Kinetics
Formulated with Cilastatin
42
Meropenem/Imipenem - Spectrum
Broad spectrum | Severe nosocomial infxns
43
Meropenem/Imipenem - Adverse Effects
GIT disturbances Hypersensitivity Seizures
44
Meropenem/Imipenem - C/I
Epileptics (less seizures in meropenem)
45
Meropenem - Kinetics
B-lactamase resistant Penetrates meninges More stable to renal inactivation
46
Aztreonam - MOA
Bactericidal Binds to penicillin binding proteins Inhibits cross linkage of cell wall
47
Aztreonam - Kinetics
B-lactamase resistant
48
Aztreonam - Spectrum
Gram -ve bacteria Psudomonas aeruginosa Enterobacteriae species
49
Aztreonam - Adverse effects
Hypersensitivity | Thrombophlebitis
50
Aztreonam - D/I
None significant
51
Vancomycin - MOA
Bactericidal | Binds to D-alanyl-D-alanine portion of peptidoglycan ∴ Prevents cross-linkages of pentaglycine chain & D-alanine
52
Vancomycin - Spectrum
Methicillin-resistant staphlococci Penicillin-resistant enterococci Clostridium difficile
53
Vancomycin - Adverse Effects
Reversible ototoxicity Irreversible nephrotoxicity Hypersensitivity
54
Vancomycin - D/I
None are common
55
Oral Administration (B-lactams)
``` Penicillin V Cloxacillin Flucloxacillin Carbenicillin Ampicillin Amoxicillin Co-amoxiclav ```
56
IV Administration (B-lactams)
``` Penicillin G Piperacillin Piperacillin G + Tazobactam Co-amoxiclav Cloxacillin Flucloxacillin Carbenicillin Ampicillin Amoxicillin ```
57
IM Administration (B-lactams)
``` Penicillin G Piperacillin Piperacillin G + Tazobactam Cloxacillin Flucloxacillin Carbenicillin Ampicillin Amoxicillin ```
58
Oral Administration (Cephalosporins)
Cefalexin Cefadroxil Cefuroxime
59
IM Administration (Cephalosporins)
Cefuroxime Cefepime Ceftriaxone Cefotaxime
60
IV Administration (Cephalosporins)
``` Cefuroxime Cefamandole Cefepime Cefpirome Ceftriaxone Cefotaxime ```
61
IM Administration (Other)
Aztreonam
62
IV Administration (Other)
Vancomycin Imipenem Meropenem Aztreonam
63
Cephalosporins - MOA
Bactericidal Binds to penicillin binding proteins Inhibits cross linkage of cell wall
64
Cephalosporins - Kinetics
``` Poor oral absorption Distribute well into body fluids No significant metabolism Renal Excretion (except ceftriaxone - bile) 4th Gen - resistant to B-lactamases ```
65
Cephalosporins - D/I
Benzathine/Probenecid inhibits renal tubular secretion ∴↑ serum levels and half life Cefamandole causes alcohol intolerance Aminoglycosides inactivate ↓ efficacy of COCP
66
Cephalosporins - C/I
Pregnancy Neonates (esp. ceftriaxone) Elderly ↑Ca2+ - NO Ceftriaxone
67
Gen 1 Cephalosporins - Spectrum
``` Most effective against gram +ve Strepto-/Staphylococci Eschericha coli Klebsiella pneuomina Proteus mirabilis ```
68
Gen 2 Cephalosporins - Spectrum
Eschericha coli Klebsiella pneuomina Proteus mirabilis H. Influenzae
69
Gen 3 Cephalosporins - Spectrum
``` Pneumo-/gono-/meningococci H. Influenzae P. aeruginosa Moraxella catarrhalis Borrelia burgdorferi Enterobacteria ```
70
Gen 4 Cephalosporins - Spectrum
``` Drug resistant gram -ve bacteria Citrobacter. Enterobacter. Esp effective: P. aeruginosa Treats Febrile Neutropenia ```
71
Cephalosporins - Adverse effects
``` Hypersensitivity (rash) GIT disturbances Pseudomembranous colitis Neurotoxcity (drug induced encephalopathy) Super-infections Nephrotoxicity ```

Pharmacology (6 decks)

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