Antibacterials

Question 1

What does murpirocin treat?

Answer 1

staph and strep skin infections and MRSA

Question 2

Is murpirocin bacteriocidal or static

Answer 2

Static

Question 3

What acronym is used to remember all antibacterials

Answer 3

MOTMAFc

Question 4

What is murpirocin specific for and what does this result in

Answer 4

inhibiting isoleucin and t-RNA synthetase, causing raw materials for proteinsynthesis to not be produced

Question 5

Is murpirocin broad or narrow spectrum

Answer 5

Narrow

Question 6

Why can’t murpirocin be used systemically

Answer 6

because it is de-esterfied in the kidney and liver producing metabolites that lack antibiotic activity

Question 7

What are two examples of Oxazolidinones

Answer 7

Linezolid and Tedzollid

Question 8

How is murpirocin given

Answer 8

topically

Question 9

What are the two oxazolidinones used to treat and how are they given

Answer 9

pneumonia and skin infections, given by oral or IV

Question 10

what effect does the oxazolidinones Linezolid have on blood

Answer 10

Thrombocytopenia - fall in blood platelet count

Anaemia - fall in haemoglobin

Question 11

why is tedzolid more useful than linezolid

Answer 11

It has increased antibacterial potency

Question 12

Are the Tetracyclines broad or narrow spectrum

Answer 12

Broad

Question 13

How are Tetracyclines given

Answer 13

oral

Question 14

What in the body can Tetracycline affect (3 things)

Answer 14

1. photosensitivity
2. CNS
3. growth (not given to children or late pregnant women)

Question 15

How does Tetracycline work?

Answer 15

It prevents association of amino-acyl-tRNA with the ribosome

Question 16

What is used instead of Tetracycline because of resistance?

Answer 16

Tigecycline (only IV)

Question 17

Are Aminoglycosides bactericidal or static

Answer 17

Cidal

Question 18

How do the aminoglycosides work

Answer 18

they interfere with the proof reading mechanism of proteins resulting in proteins not being able to fold and hydrophilic regions being buried

Question 19

What is mono therapy of aminoglycosides used to treat

Answer 19

sepsis, plague, enterococcal endocartis

Question 20

What is combo therapy of aminoglycosides used to treat

Answer 20

TB

Question 21

What toxicity issue can combo therapy of aminoglycosides cause, 3 things

Answer 21

Ototoxicity (permanent), hearing and balance issue
Nephrotoxicity
Neuromuscular blockade

Question 22

What antibiotic works by blocking the exit of 50s ribosomes?

Answer 22

Macrolides

Question 23

What does blocking of the exit of 50s ribosomes by Macrolides cause?

Answer 23

Growing peptides cannot leave, causing premature dissociation of peptidyl-tRNA

Question 24

How are macrolides given

Answer 24

ORal or IV

Question 25

What is the most important Macrolide

Answer 25

Azalide

Question 26

What may Macrolides be used to treat

Answer 26

Chlamydia and Syphilis

Question 27

How does Fusidic acid work

Answer 27

Inteferes with G elongation factor, responsible for mediating translocation of ribosomes from one codon to the next. The acceptor site is blocked once the drug becoems bound to EGF

Question 28

How can Fusidic acid be given

Answer 28

Oral, IV or Topical

Question 29

What side effects are experienced using Fusidic acid

Answer 29

Rash or jaundice

Question 30

What is Chloramphenicol used to treat

Answer 30

Typhoid fever

Question 31

What toxicity issues are experienced using Chloramphenicol

Answer 31

Myelosupression - aplastic anaemia | Gray syndrome - lack of red or white blood cells

Question 32

How does chloramphenicol work

Answer 32

Binds to large subunit of 50s affecting catalytic activity and inhibition of peptidyl transferase activity