Antibiotic Agents

Question 1

Methicillin was withdrawn from the market due to this side effect

Answer 1

Interstitial nephritis

Question 2

Isoxazolyl penicillin that was withdrawn from the market due to neutropenia

Answer 2

Nafcillin

Question 3

Three antipseudomonal penicillins

Answer 3

Carbenicillin
Piperacillin
Ticarcillin

Question 4

Second generation cephalosporins (2) known for disulfiram reaction

Answer 4

Cefamandole

Cefotetan

Question 5

Side effect in third generation cephalosporins unique to cefoperazone

Answer 5

Disulfiram reaction

Question 6

Three antipseudomonal cephalosporins

Answer 6

Cefepime
Cefoperazone
Ceftazidime

Question 7

This drug, when co-administered with imipenem, inhibits the renal metabolism of the latter

Answer 7

Cilastatin

Question 8

Three beta lactamase inhibitors

Answer 8

Clavulanic acid
Sulbactam
Tazobactam

Question 9

Mechanism of action of vancomycin

Answer 9

Inhibits cell wall synthesis by binding to the D-Ala-D-Ala terminus of nascent peptidoglycan

Question 10

Red man syndrome, a side effect of vancomycin, is treated by

Answer 10

Slowing the rate of infusion

Question 11

Bacitracin is reserved for topical use due to

Answer 11

Nephrotoxicity

Question 12

This antibiotic that inactivates the enzyme UDP-N-acetylglucosamine-3-enolpyruvyltransferase is used to treat uncomplicated UTI and is safe for pregnant women

Answer 12

Fosfomycin

Question 13

Daptomycin binds to cell membrane causing depolarization and rapid cell death. It is bactericidal and is used for Gram positive infections. What is its side effect and how is this side effect monitored?

Answer 13

Myopathy

Monitor weekly creatine phosphokinase

Question 14

Two protein synthesis inhibitor drug classes that bind to the 30s ribosomal subunit

Answer 14

Aminoglycosides

Tetracycline

Question 15

Chloramphenicol inhibits this enzyme at the 50s subunit

Answer 15

Peptidyl transferase

Question 16

Idiosyncratic hematologic side effect of chloramphenicol

Answer 16

Aplastic anemia

Question 17

Gray baby syndrome, a side effect of chloramphenicol, results from a lack of this mechanism for the degradation and detoxification of chloramphenicol.

Answer 17

Glucuronic acid conjugation

Question 18

It is illegal in the Philippines to prescribe teracycline to this population group

Answer 18

Children under 8 years

Question 19

Drug that has the broadest spectrum among tetracyclines

Answer 19

Tigecycline

Question 20

Tetracyclines are better absorbed in a/an (acidic / basic) environment.

Answer 20

Acidic

Question 21

Protein synthesis inhibitor used for SIADH

Answer 21

Demeclocyline

Question 22

All macrolides inhibit CYP450 except

Answer 22

Azithromycin

Question 23

Macrolide with the highest volume of distribution and slowest elimination.

Answer 23

Azithromycin

Question 24

50s ribosomal inhibitor used in macrolide resistance

Answer 24

Telithromycin

Question 25

Drug class of clindamycin

Answer 25

Lincosamide

Question 26

Azithromycin is added to the regimen for acute urethritis to cover for:

Answer 26

Chlamydia sp.

Question 27

Most commin cause of pseudomembranous colitis

Answer 27

Clindamycin

Question 28

Quinopristin-Dalfopristin are streptogramins that cause multiple drug interaction due to inhibition of this subtype of CYP450 enzyme.

Answer 28

CYP 3A4

Question 29

Antibiotics of choice for anaerobic infections (2)

Answer 29

Clindamycin: Above the diaphragm Metronidazole: Below the diaphragm

Question 30

Postantibiotic effect is seen in this drug class

Answer 30

Aminoglycosides

Question 31

Narrowest therapeutic window among aminoglycosides

Answer 31

Amikacin

Question 32

True / False: Aminoglycosides work under anaerobic conditions.

Answer 32

False. Aminoglycosides require oxygen for uptake.

Question 33

Most vestibulotoxic and nephrotoxic among aminoglycosides (2)

Answer 33

Gentamicin | Tobramycin

Question 34

Teratogenic side effect of streptomycin

Answer 34

Congenital deafness

Question 35

Aminoglycoside used for hepatic encephalopathy

Answer 35

Neomycin

Question 36

Most ototoxic aminoglycoside

Answer 36

Amikacin | Kanamycin

Question 37

Aminoglycoside used for kala-azar

Answer 37

Paramomycin

Question 38

Spectinomycin is acts on this bacteria

Answer 38

Niesseria gonorrhea

Question 39

Neuromuscular blockade caused by aminoglycosides are reversed with

Answer 39

Calcium | Neostigmine

Question 40

Aminoglycosides exert synergistic effects with this antibiotic drug class

Answer 40

Beta-lactams

Question 41

Long-acting sulfonamide

Answer 41

Sulfadoxine

Question 42

Sulfonamides are competitive inhibitors of this enzyme

Answer 42

Dihydropteroate synthase

Question 43

Drug that inhibits dihydrofolate reductase

Answer 43

Trimethoprim

Question 44

Sulfonamide used in burn infections

Answer 44

Silver sulfadiazine

Question 45

Patients with this disease are susceptible to hemolytic anemia when given trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

Answer 45

G6PD deficiency

Question 46

Sulfonamides can displace protein binding of drugs and bilirubin, keading to kernicterus. Where does the unconjugated bilirubin deposit?

Answer 46

Basal ganglia | Subcortical nuclei

Question 47

Quinolones inhibit these enzymes (2)

Answer 47

``` Topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) in gram-negative organisms Topoisomerase IV in gram-positive organisms ```

Question 48

Fluoroquinolones enhance the toxicity of these drugs used for asthma

Answer 48

Methylxanthines

Question 49

Tendon rupture is a rare side effect of this drug class on adults

Answer 49

Fluoroquinolones

Question 50

True / False: Arthropathy from fluoroquinolone use before 18 years of age is reversible

Answer 50

True

Question 51

Fluoroquinolones that may cause QTc prolongation

Answer 51

``` Gatifloxacin Gemifloxaxin Levofloxacin Moxifloxacin (Third generation) ```

Question 52

Two fourth generation fluoroquinolones

Answer 52

Trovafloxacin | Alarrofloxacin

Question 53

Hepatotoxicity is a side effect of this fluoroquinolone

Answer 53

Trovafloxacin

Question 54

Metronidazole undergoes reactive reduction by ferredoxin, forming free radicals that disrupt this component of metabolism.

Answer 54

Electron transport chain

Question 55

Nitrofurantoin is effective for most bacterial urinary tract infections except those caused by (2)

Answer 55

Proteus sp. | Pseudomonas sp.