Antibiotic Drugs

Question 1

low spectrum activity, dosed frequently, drug of choice for Group A strep and have weak Gram negative coverage

Answer 1

Penicillins

Question 2

Give the ROA and AE of Penicillin G

Answer 2

ROA: IV
AE: hypokalemia

Question 3

Give the ROA and AE of Penicillin VK

Answer 3

ROA: oral
AE: hyperkalemia

Question 4

low spectrum of activity, has increased Gram negative coverage over penicillin, oral amoxicillin has better oral absorption, good coverage of enterococcus

Answer 4

Aminopenicillins:

Question 5

What is the ROA of amoxicillin? (aminopenicillin)

Answer 5

oral

Question 6

What is the ROA of ampicillin (aminopenicillin)

Answer 6

IV and oral

Question 7

increased spectrum activity including anaerobe coverage; more reliable for Gram negative and Strep species

Answer 7

Aminopenicillin/Beta-lactamase inhibitor combination

Question 8

What is the ROA of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (augmenting)?

Aminopenicillin/Beta-lactamase inhibitor combination

Answer 8

oral

Question 9

What is the ROA of ampicillin/sulbactam (unasyn)?

Aminopenicillin/Beta-lactamase inhibitor combination

Answer 9

IV

Question 10

reliable Gram positive coverage only, drug of choice for MSSA; frequent dosing required

Answer 10

Penicllinase-resistant penicillins

Question 11

Give the ROA and AE for Oxacillin (Penicllinase-resistant penicillin)

Answer 11

ROA: IV
AE: hepatitis

Question 12

Give the ROA for Methacillin (penicillinase-resistant penicillin)

Answer 12

IV

Question 13

most broad spectrum penicillin available, addition of beta-lactase inhibitor adds anaerobe coverage

Answer 13

Anti-psudomonal/beta-lactamse inhibitor combination

Question 14

What is the ROA of piperacillin/tazobactam (zoysyn)? (Anti-psudomonal/beta-lactamse inhibitor combination)

Answer 14

IV

Question 15

In regards to cephalosporins, this generation has excellent Gram positive coverage including MSSA, but less reliable coverage against Gram negative species

Answer 15

1st

Question 16

Give the ROA of cefazolin (1st generation cephalosporin)

Answer 16

IV

Question 17

Give the ROA of Cephalexin (1st generation cephalosporin)

Answer 17

oral

Question 18

In regards to cephalosporins, this generation has good Gram positive activity, limited Gram negative, used mainly in respiratory infections

Answer 18

2nd

Question 19

Give the ROA of cefaclor (2nd generation cephalosporin)

Answer 19

oral

Question 20

Give the ROA of cefoxitin (2nd generation cephalosporin)

Answer 20

IV

Question 21

In regards to cephalosporins, this generation has improved coverage against Gram negative organisms and also has excellent Strep coverage

Answer 21

3rd

Question 22

Give the ROA and AE of Ceftriaxone (3rd generation cephalosporin)

Answer 22

ROA: IV
AE: biliary sludging and stones

Question 23

In regards to cephalosporins, this generation is the most broad spectrum and has excellent Gram negative coverage including pseudomonas

Answer 23

4th

Question 24

Give the ROA of cefepime (4th generation cephalosporin)

Answer 24

IV

Question 25

most broad spectrum agents available. no coverage against MRSA but great Gram positive and Gram negative coverage including pseudomonas. Agents have good anaerobic coverage.

Answer 25

carbapenems

Question 26

Give the ROA of Ertapenem (carbapenem)

Answer 26

IV note: does not cover Pseudomonas

Question 27

Give the ROA of meropenem (carbopenem)

Answer 27

IV

Question 28

Gram negative coverage only, including pseudomonas. can use patients with sever penicillin/cephalosporin allergy

Answer 28

monobactam

Question 29

Give the ROA of Aztreonam (monobactam)

Answer 29

IV

Question 30

Bacterostatic and Time dependant; commonly used to treat upper and lower respiratory tract infections; posses activity against atypical organisms as well as common organisms which are responsible for community acquired pneumonia

Answer 30

Macrolides

Question 31

Give the ROA and AE of Azithromycin (macrolide)

Answer 31

ROA: IV and PO AE: no significant interactions with drugs metabolized with cytochrome p450

Question 32

Bactericidal and Concentration dependent; broad spectrum agents with good Gram positive and Gram negative activity. Best for empiric coverage of UTI

Answer 32

Fluoroquinolones

Question 33

What is the ROA of ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin? (all fluoroquinolones)

Answer 33

IV and Oral

Question 34

Bactericidal and concentration dependent; have good Gram negative coverage, including pseudomonas; can be used as mono therapy for UTI

Answer 34

Aminoglycoside