Antibiotic mechanism

Question 1

which are bacteriocidal -6

Answer 1

penicillin, ceph, glycopeptides
aminoglycosides
nitrofurantoin
fosfomycin
metronidazole
fluroquinolones

Question 2

which are bacteriostatic -4

make the tablets static

Answer 2

macrolides
tetracyclines
trimethoprim
sulphonamides

Question 3

four targets for antibiotics

Answer 3

inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis

protein synthesis

nucleic acid
synthesis

cell membrane integrity

Question 4

cell wall synthesis agents
classes of abx 6
inhibit 2 enzymes
bacterial cell wall polymer

Answer 4

beta lactam agents
penicillins
cephalosporins
carbapenams
monobactams
glycopeptides
fosfomycin

inhibit carboxypeptidase and transpeptidase
also known as penicillin binding proteins that usually cross link the bacterial cell wall polymer peptidoglycan

Question 5

carbapenams

Answer 5

meropenam
ertapenam
imipenam

Question 6

monobactam

Answer 6

aztreonam

Question 7

glycopeptides

Answer 7

vancomycin

teicoplanin

Question 8

beta lactam abx

Answer 8

carbapenam
cephalosporin
monobactam
penicillins
beta lactam ring

Question 9

inhibitors protein synthesis - 4

amt coffee

Answer 9

aminoglycosides
macrolides
chloramphenicol
tetracycline - inhibition of ribosomal protein synthesis

Question 10

aminoglycosides action

Answer 10

blocking formation of the bacterial initiation complex

bind 30s ribosomal subnit and interferes with protein synthesis

Question 11

inhibitors nucleic acid synthesis

smell the frappacinno mocha

Answer 11

sulphonamides
trimethoprim
fluroquinolones
metronidazole
(nitrofurantoin)

Question 12

trimethoprim action

Answer 12

inhibit dihydrofolate reductase

Question 13

fluoroquinolones action

Answer 13

inhibit bacterial topoisomerases (DNA gyrases) that are involved in supercoiling DNA during NA synthesis

Question 14

metronidazole action

Answer 14

causes DNA breakage

Question 15

sulphonamides

Answer 15

sulfamethoxazole used in combo with trimethoprim

Question 16

macrolide antibiotics

Answer 16

erythromycin
azithromycin
clarithromycin

Question 17

cell membrane disruption

Answer 17

colistin is a polymixin with detergent like properties

disrupts bacterial cell membranes

Question 18

nitrofurantoin action

Answer 18

damages bacterial DNA by inhibiting multiple enzyme systems

bacteriacidal

Question 19

which bacteria resistant to nitro

Answer 19

proteus and pseudomonas

Question 20

nitrofurantoin in pregnancy

Answer 20

safe in pregnancy

avoid at term due to neonatal haemolysis

Question 21

fosfomycin action

Answer 21

inhibits initial step of microbial cell wall synthesis

bacteriacidal

Question 22

nitrofurantoin side effects -4

use pregnancy

Answer 22

pulmonary pneumonitis, interstitial fibrosis
hepatotoxicity
peripheral neuropathy, headache confusion
hypersensitivity

Question 23

trimethoprim side effects

4

Answer 23

bone marrow suppression
warfarin interaction, increase in INR
teratogenic in T1
neonatal haemolysis in T3

Question 24

trimethoprim and sulphonamides

Answer 24

synergistic antibacterial activity with sulphonamides which act earlier in metabolic apthway

Question 25

fluoroquinolones side effects -5

Answer 25

``` GI CNS -void in known epilepsy hypersensitivity arthropathy and tendonitis renal impairment CDI prolobged QT interacts warfarin ```

Question 26

aminoglycosides side effects 3

Answer 26

ototoxicity -vestibular more than cochlear toxicity nephrotoxicity - less likely once daily dosing regime neuromuscular blockage

Question 27

aminoglycosides pregnancy

Answer 27

avoid in T2 and T3

Question 28

abx avoid in preg

Answer 28

trimethoprim T1 nitrofurantoin term aminogylcosides quinolones

Question 29

co amoxiclav function

Answer 29

Co-amoxiclav is a combination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid (a beta-lactamase inhibitor) that protects amoxicillin from enzymatic degradation by many bacterial beta-lactamases, broadening its spectrum of activity