ANTIBIOTIC PHARMACOLOGY

Question 1

what type of antibiotic is amoxicillin?

Answer 1

a beta lactam

Question 2

what is amoxicillins moa?

Answer 2

it binds to penicillin binding protein 1A in bacterial cell walls and inactivates it, preventing the cross-linking of peptidoglycan strands and inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis

Question 3

what can amoxicllin be given with to overcome bacterial antibiotic resistance?

Answer 3

cluvulanic acid (a beta lactamase inhibitor)

Question 4

is amoxicillin broad or narrow spectrum?

Answer 4

broad spectrum

active against a wide range of gram positive and limited range of gram negative organisms

Question 5

is methicillin broad or narrow spectrum?

Answer 5

narrow spectrum

+

Question 6

what type of antibiotic is methicillin?

Answer 6

beta lactam

Question 7

what is methicillins moa?

Answer 7

inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by inhibiting of the transpeptidase enzyme used by bacteria to cross-link the peptide used in peptidoglycan synthesis in th cell walls of gram-positive bacteria

Question 8

what is cefurozimes moa?

Answer 8

inhibits cell wall synthesis leading to bacterial lysis

Question 9

what type of antibiotic is cefuroxime?

Answer 9

cephalosporin

Question 10

can cefuroxime cross the blood-brain barrier?

Answer 10

yes

Question 11

what type of antibiotic is benzylpenicillin?

Answer 11

a beta lactam

Question 12

is cefuroxime broad or narrow spectrum?

Answer 12

broad

Question 13

is benzylpenicillin broad or narrow spectrum?

Answer 13

broad (but mostly +)

Question 14

what is benzylpenicillins moa?

Answer 14

binds to penicillin binding proteins which causes inhibition of cell wall synthesis
may also inhibit action of bacterial autolysin inhibitor

Question 15

what type of antibiotic is oxytetracycline?

Answer 15

tetracycline

Question 16

what s oxytetracyclines moa?

Answer 16

inhibiting of bacterial cell growth by binding to 30S subunit of the ribosome preventing tRNA from binding to the A site - inhibiting translation

Question 17

is oxytetracycline broad or narrow spectrum?

Answer 17

broad spectrum

Question 18

what type of antibiotic is erythromycin?

Answer 18

a macrolide

Question 19

what is erythromycins moa?

Answer 19

50S subunit inhibition, blocking translocation and inhibiting protein synthesis

Question 20

is erythromycin broad or narrow spectrum?

Answer 20

broad spectrum

Question 21

what type of antibiotic is gentamicin?

Answer 21

aminoglycoside

Question 22

is gentamicin broad or narrow spectrum?

Answer 22

broad

Question 23

what is genatmycins moa?

Answer 23

inhibiting 30S ribosomal subunit, inhibiting protein synthesis

Question 24

whats a major side effect of gentamicin?

Answer 24

significant ear and kidney damage

Question 25

is rifampicin broad or narrow spectrum?

Answer 25

broad

Question 26

what is rifampicins moa?

Answer 26

inhibits DNA-deendant RNA polymerase leading to suppression of RNA synthesis and cell death

Question 27

what is rifampicin restricted to treating and why?

Answer 27

mycobacterial infections due to the emergence of resistant bacteria

Question 28

what is trimethoprims moa?

Answer 28

inhibits reduction of dihydrofolic acid to tetrahydrofolic acid - inhibiting bacterial DNA synthesis

Question 29

what is trimethoprim used to treat?

Answer 29

UTIs and bronchitis

Question 30

what is trimethoprim?

Answer 30

a folate antagonist

Question 31

what type of antibiotic is sulfamethoxazole?

Answer 31

a sulfonamide

Question 32

what is sulfamethoxazole used to treat?

Answer 32

bronchitis, prostatitis and UTIs

Question 33

what is sulfamethoxazoles moa?

Answer 33

competes with PABA in binding to dihydrofolate synthesise, causing inhibition of dihydrofolate synthetase and inhibiting synthesis of tetrahydrofolic acid

Question 34

why are trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole often used in combination?

Answer 34

as they target the same pathway and their synergistic effects reduce the development of bacterial resistance

Question 35

what type of antibiotic is vancomycin?

Answer 35

a glycopeptide

Question 36

what is the moa of vancomycin?

Answer 36

inhibition of NAM and NAG peptide subunits into the peptidoglycan matrix

Question 37

is vancomycin broad or narrow spectrum?

Answer 37

narrow | gram positive

Question 38

what type of drug is colistin?

Answer 38

a polymyxin antibiotic agent

Question 39

is colistin broad or narrow spectrum?

Answer 39

narrow | gram negative bacilli

Question 40

what is colistins moa?

Answer 40

disrupting the bacterial cell membrane, change its permeability

Question 41

why are polymyxins sometimes used now (they faded out for a while)?

Answer 41

due to emergence of multi-drug resistant gram negatve bacteria

Question 42

what type of antibiotic is ciprofloxacin?

Answer 42

a quinolone

Question 43

is ciprofloxacin broad or narrow spectrum?

Answer 43

broad

Question 44

what is the moa of quinolones?

Answer 44

inhibition of topoisomerase 2 (DNA gyrase) and topoisomerase 4 which are required for bacterial DNA reslication, transcription, repair, recombination etc

Question 45

what type of drug is fusidic acid?

Answer 45

a bacteriostatic antibiotic

Question 46

what is fusidic acids moa?

Answer 46

inhibition of the translocation of the elongation factor G from ribosomes, leading to inhibition of protein synthesis

Question 47

what type of antibiotic is ampicillin?

Answer 47

a beta lactam

Question 48

what is ampicillins moa?

Answer 48

interference with cell wall synthesis by attachment to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), inhibition of cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis and inactivation of inhibitors to autolytic enzymes.

Question 49

is ampiciliin broad or narrow spectrum?

Answer 49

broad

Question 50

what type of antibiotic is phenoxymethyl penicillin?

Answer 50

a beta lactam

Question 51

what is phenoxymethyl penicillins moa?

Answer 51

kills bacteria through binding of the beta-lactam ring to DD-transpeptidase, inhibiting its cross-linking activity and preventing new cell wall formation

Question 52

what type of antibiotic is flucloxicillin?

Answer 52

beta lactam

Question 53

what is flucloxacillins moa?

Answer 53

By binding to specific penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located inside the bacterial cell wall, flucloxacillin inhibits the third and last stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis.

Question 54

is flucloxacillin broad or narrow spectrum?

Answer 54

narrow - gram positive

Question 55

what type of antibiotic is clindamycin?

Answer 55

a macrolide

Question 56

what type of anitbiotic is chloramphenicol?

Answer 56

macrolide

Question 57

what type of antibiotic is oxazolidinone?

Answer 57

macrolide

Question 58

what type of antibiotic is streptomycin?

Answer 58

aminoglycoside