antibiotic resistance Flashcards
1
Q
state 3 ways the antibodies kill bacteria
A
- prevent wall synthesis
- disrupt cell membranes
- interfere with protein synthesis
2
Q
describe how antibodies prevent wall synthesis
A
- inhibit enzymes making cell wall molecules
- bacteria dies from leakage or lyse from water entry
3
Q
describe how antibodies disrupt cell membranes
A
- bind to phospholipids
- distort structure
- makes them too permeable
4
Q
describe how antibodies interfere with protein synthesis
A
- attach onto bacterial ribosomes
- prevents protein synthesis
5
Q
how does antibiotic resistance occur?
A
- random mutation in bacteria population
- provides a selective advantage
- antibiotics only kill non resistant bacteria
- resistant bacteria can grow and reproduce with no competition, passing on the allele
6
Q
where is the mutated gene for resistance found?
A
in plasmid DNA
7
Q
what is causing antibiotic resistance?
A
- widespread use
- misuse
- strengthens selective pressure
8
Q
why is antibiotic resistance a problem?
A
- we are less able to treat potentially life threatening bacterial infections
- can’t easily get rid of bacteria without antibiotics
9
Q
state 2 ways we can overcome antibiotic resistance
A
- developing new antibiotics
- modifying existing ones
10
Q
give an example of antibiotic resistant bacteria
A
MRSA
- causes serious wound infections
- resistant to several antibiotics including meticillin
11
Q
how can the likelihood of antibiotic resistance developing be reduced?
A
- doctors are encouraged to reduce use of antibiotics
- not to prescribe for minor infections
- patients are advised to finish the whole course
12
Q
state 2 risks of using antibiotics
A
- side effects
- allergic reactions
