Antibiotic review Flashcards Preview

Final SAMedicine > Antibiotic review > Flashcards

Flashcards in Antibiotic review Deck (39)
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1
Q

What are antibiotics

A

drugs that suppress bacteria

2
Q

What does bacteriocidal mean

A

drug that KILLS the bacterium

3
Q

What does bacteriostatic mean

A

drug that inhibits bacterial repduction

4
Q

what are beta lactams (2)

A

Penicillins

Cephalosporins

5
Q

MOA of beta lactams

A

inhibit cell wall synthesis

6
Q

Penicillins work on/how?

A

Bacteriocidal

G+, aerobic, +/-anaerobes

7
Q

What does the addition of clavulanic acid do for beta lactams

A

lactamase protector - helps with bacteria that developed Beta-lactamase.
Allows coverage of G- too

8
Q

What do newer generations of penicillin provide

A

extended spectrum of activity - more anaerobes and G-

ONLY IV - ticarcillin, carbenicillin, methicillin, imipenem

9
Q

Penicillin side effects

A

Rare - V/D, allergic rxn

10
Q

Cephalosporines work on/how?

A

Bacteriocidal

Broad spectrum - more resistant to B-lactamases

11
Q

What do newer generations of cephalosporines provide

A

more G- bacteria coverage

1st - cephalexin; 2nd - cefotetan; 3rd ceftiofur; 4th - cefquinome

12
Q

Cephalosporines side effects

A

V/D, allergic rxn

13
Q

Aminoglycoside MOA

A

Inhibit protein synthesis - 30s ribosome

14
Q

Aminoglycosides work on who/how?

A

Both cidal and static

G- (+), aerobes and some facultative anaerobes

15
Q

Aminoglycoside examples

A

gentamycin, amikacin

16
Q

Aminoglycoside side effects

A

Nephrotoxicity, Ototoxicity (if tympanic rupture)

17
Q

Polymyxin MOA

A

Cytoplasmic membrane structure

18
Q

Polymxyin applied how?

A

topically only!

19
Q

Polymyxin side effects

A

Pemphigus vulgaris - skin immune-mediated disease

20
Q

Chloramphenicol work on who/how?

A

Static

broad spectrum

21
Q

Chloramphenicol MOA

A

Protein synthesis (50s)

22
Q

Tettracyclins MOA

A

Doxycylin, oxytetracylin, minicyclin

23
Q

Tetracyclins work on who/how?

A

Static
aerobic and anaerobic G+/-
mycobacteria, spirochetes, mycoplasma, rickettsiae, chlamydiae, protozoa

24
Q

Tettracyclins MOA

A
Protein synthesis (30s)
Doxycylin, oxytetracylin, minicyclin
25
Q

Macrolides and Lincosamide MOA

A

erythromycin, clindamycin

26
Q

Macrolide and Lincosamide work on who/how?

A

Cidal

G+ and rickettsiae

27
Q

Macrolides and Lincosamide MOA

A
Protein synthesis (50s)
erythromycin, clindamycin
28
Q

Macrolide and lincosamide side effects

A

few - V/D, nausea, pseudomembranous colitis

29
Q

Nitroimidazoles MOA

A

metronidazole/ronidazole

30
Q

Nitroimidazole work on who/how?

A

uptaken by bacteria - produce toxic metabolites
Anaerobic bacteria and protozoa

metronidazole/ronidazole

31
Q

Nitrofurans MOA

A

rapidly absorbed and excreted in urine - used for urinary infections

32
Q

Nitrofurans MOA

A
Protein synthesis (30s)
rapidly absorbed and excreted in urine - used for urinary infections
33
Q

Nitrofurans side effects

A

nausea, vomiting

34
Q

Sulphonamides MOA

A

ineffective in pus, nectroic tissue or blood containing PABA

35
Q

Sulphonamides MOA

A

Inhibit PABA conversion (folic acid)

ineffective in pus, nectroic tissue or blood containing PABA

36
Q

Sulphonamide side effects

A

common, hepatic dz, renal dz/uroliths, keratoconjunctivitis sicca, hypersensitivies
ETC.

37
Q

Quinolones MOA

A

excreted in bile - good for liver infections

enrofloxacin, ciproflaxacnin

38
Q

Quinolones MOA

A

DNA gyrase
excreted in bile - good for liver infections
enrofloxacin, ciproflaxacnin

39
Q

Quinolones side effects

A

CNS (seizure, retinal blindness (cats)), cartilage damage in puppies