Antibiotic review

Question 1

What are antibiotics

Answer 1

drugs that suppress bacteria

Question 2

What does bacteriocidal mean

Answer 2

drug that KILLS the bacterium

Question 3

What does bacteriostatic mean

Answer 3

drug that inhibits bacterial repduction

Question 4

what are beta lactams (2)

Answer 4

Penicillins

Cephalosporins

Question 5

MOA of beta lactams

Answer 5

inhibit cell wall synthesis

Question 6

Penicillins work on/how?

Answer 6

Bacteriocidal

G+, aerobic, +/-anaerobes

Question 7

What does the addition of clavulanic acid do for beta lactams

Answer 7

lactamase protector - helps with bacteria that developed Beta-lactamase.
Allows coverage of G- too

Question 8

What do newer generations of penicillin provide

Answer 8

extended spectrum of activity - more anaerobes and G-

ONLY IV - ticarcillin, carbenicillin, methicillin, imipenem

Question 9

Penicillin side effects

Answer 9

Rare - V/D, allergic rxn

Question 10

Cephalosporines work on/how?

Answer 10

Bacteriocidal

Broad spectrum - more resistant to B-lactamases

Question 11

What do newer generations of cephalosporines provide

Answer 11

more G- bacteria coverage

1st - cephalexin; 2nd - cefotetan; 3rd ceftiofur; 4th - cefquinome

Question 12

Cephalosporines side effects

Answer 12

V/D, allergic rxn

Question 13

Aminoglycoside MOA

Answer 13

Inhibit protein synthesis - 30s ribosome

Question 14

Aminoglycosides work on who/how?

Answer 14

Both cidal and static

G- (+), aerobes and some facultative anaerobes

Question 15

Aminoglycoside examples

Answer 15

gentamycin, amikacin

Question 16

Aminoglycoside side effects

Answer 16

Nephrotoxicity, Ototoxicity (if tympanic rupture)

Question 17

Polymyxin MOA

Answer 17

Cytoplasmic membrane structure

Question 18

Polymxyin applied how?

Answer 18

topically only!

Question 19

Polymyxin side effects

Answer 19

Pemphigus vulgaris - skin immune-mediated disease

Question 20

Chloramphenicol work on who/how?

Answer 20

Static

broad spectrum

Question 21

Chloramphenicol MOA

Answer 21

Protein synthesis (50s)

Question 22

Tettracyclins MOA

Answer 22

Doxycylin, oxytetracylin, minicyclin

Question 23

Tetracyclins work on who/how?

Answer 23

Static
aerobic and anaerobic G+/-
mycobacteria, spirochetes, mycoplasma, rickettsiae, chlamydiae, protozoa

Question 24

Tettracyclins MOA

Answer 24

Protein synthesis (30s)
Doxycylin, oxytetracylin, minicyclin

Question 25

Macrolides and Lincosamide MOA

Answer 25

erythromycin, clindamycin

Question 26

Macrolide and Lincosamide work on who/how?

Answer 26

Cidal | G+ and rickettsiae

Question 27

Macrolides and Lincosamide MOA

Answer 27

``` Protein synthesis (50s) erythromycin, clindamycin ```

Question 28

Macrolide and lincosamide side effects

Answer 28

few - V/D, nausea, pseudomembranous colitis

Question 29

Nitroimidazoles MOA

Answer 29

metronidazole/ronidazole

Question 30

Nitroimidazole work on who/how?

Answer 30

uptaken by bacteria - produce toxic metabolites Anaerobic bacteria and protozoa metronidazole/ronidazole

Question 31

Nitrofurans MOA

Answer 31

rapidly absorbed and excreted in urine - used for urinary infections

Question 32

Nitrofurans MOA

Answer 32

``` Protein synthesis (30s) rapidly absorbed and excreted in urine - used for urinary infections ```

Question 33

Nitrofurans side effects

Answer 33

nausea, vomiting

Question 34

Sulphonamides MOA

Answer 34

ineffective in pus, nectroic tissue or blood containing PABA

Question 35

Sulphonamides MOA

Answer 35

Inhibit PABA conversion (folic acid) | ineffective in pus, nectroic tissue or blood containing PABA

Question 36

Sulphonamide side effects

Answer 36

common, hepatic dz, renal dz/uroliths, keratoconjunctivitis sicca, hypersensitivies ETC.

Question 37

Quinolones MOA

Answer 37

excreted in bile - good for liver infections | enrofloxacin, ciproflaxacnin

Question 38

Quinolones MOA

Answer 38

DNA gyrase excreted in bile - good for liver infections enrofloxacin, ciproflaxacnin

Question 39

Quinolones side effects

Answer 39

CNS (seizure, retinal blindness (cats)), cartilage damage in puppies