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MOD II Micro > Antibiotic Side Effects > Flashcards

Flashcards in Antibiotic Side Effects Deck (15)
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1
Q

Which Antibiotic class has side effects including Ototoxicity (i.e., vestibular damage or auditory damage) and Nephrotoxicity?

A

Aminoglycosides

2
Q

Which second generation cephalosporin has the unique side effect of hypoprothrombinemia and bleeding due to the methylthiotetrazole group on its structure and can also elicit a disulfiram-like reaction if alcohol is consumed?

A

Cefotetan

3
Q

Which antibiotic class and specific drug in this class has the unique side effect of displacing bilirubin due to its high affinity for serum album, potentially causing jaundice in neonates?

This drug also has a high affinity for calcium and may lead to biliary peseudolithiasis (i.e., gallstones).

A

Third generation cephalosporins - Ceftriaxone

4
Q

Which specific antibiotic should be avoided in people with renal impairment due to its potential to cause seizures in people w/ renal failure?

Which class does it belong to?

A

Imipenem - Carbapenem antibiotic class

5
Q

Which antibiotic class has the unique side effect of causing elevation serum aminotransferases (i.e., hepatotoxicity) w/ occasional skin rashes?

A

Monobactam class - aztreonam

6
Q

Which antibiotic class must be given IV due to its poor absorption?

A

Glycopeptides (i.e., vancomycin)

7
Q

Which antibiotic class has the side effect of producing Red Man Syndrome (hypotension, tachycardia, and flushing) and nephrotoxicity?

A

Glycopeptides - vancomycin

8
Q

Which antibiotic and of what class has the unqiue side effects of:

1) Myelosuppression, and most commonly thrombocytopenia
2) Lactic acidosis, optic neuritis, and peripheral neuropathy
3) Drug-drug interactions w/ adrenergic or serotonergic agents –> Serotonin syndrome

A

Linezolid - Oxazolidinone class

9
Q

Which antibiotic acts on motilin receptors in the GI tract and can lead to epigrastric distress?

This antibiotic may also cause Hepatotoxicity in the form of cholestatic hepatitis when used for prolonged periods.

A

Erythromycin of the Macrolide class

10
Q

Which antibiotic class has side effects related to infusion site reactions, which include an arthralgia-myalgia syndrome?

A

Streptogramins

11
Q

Which antibiotic class can lead to C. difficile associated colitis, permanent brown discoloration of teeth, and affect the formation of fetal bones and teeth?

A

Tetracyclines

12
Q

Which aminoglycosides are most likely to induce vestibular damage?

Which are most likely to induce auditory damage?

A
  • Gentamicin and streptomicin –> vestibular damage (loss of balance, ataxia, vertigo)
  • Amikacin and kanamycin –> auditory damage (high-frequency hearing loss, tinnitus)
13
Q

Which antibiotic class is associated with Achilles tendon rupture?

Which specific drug in this class has the highest risk of QT prolongation inducing a torsades de pointes arrhythmia?

A
  • Fluoroquinolones
  • Moxifloxacin (QT prolongation and torsades de pointes arrhythmia)
14
Q

Which antibiotic class can elicit anemia, leukopenia, and granulocytopenia?

Vomiting, photosensitivity, fever, uricaria and rarely Steven-Johnson syndrome?

A
  • Benzylpyrimidine (trimethoprim) –> anemia, leukopenia, and granulocytopenia
  • Sulfonamides (sulfamethoxazole) –> SJS

*Are given together TMP/SMX so adverse effects are combined

15
Q

Which antibiotic class can have dose-dependent nephrotoxicity w/ accompanying neurological effects including slurred speech, vertigo, parasthesias, apnea, and muscle weaknss after systemic parenteral administration?

A

Polymyxins (Polymyxin B and Colistin)