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Antibiotic summary (Graham) Flashcards

(50 cards)

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1
Q

Penicillin:
What kind of drug?
Common uses?

A

penicillin = B lactam inhibitor
Works for Group A Strep and Syphillis
Majority of MSSA will be resistant

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2
Q

1st line Rx for acute sinusitis
Group A strep, Listeria, Lyme Disease
Majority of MSSA will be resistant

A

Amoxicillin/Ampicillin (B-lactam)

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3
Q

Will cover MSSA , many streptococcal organisms, enteric gram negatives, anaerobes, Complicated sinusitis
Skin and soft tissue infections / GI infections

A

Amoxicillin-Clavulanate (B-lactam)

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4
Q

What does Amocicillin-Clavulanate cover?

What kind of drug is it?

A

MSSA, many streptococcal organisms, enteric G (-), enteric gram negative anaerobes and complicated sinusitis
B lactam

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5
Q

Covers MSSA, many streptococcal organisms, many gram negative organisms (including nosocomial gram negatives), and anaerobes.

A

Piperacillin-Tazobactam

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6
Q

What does Piperacillin-Tazobactam cover?

What kind of drug is it?

A

MSSA, streptococcal organanisms, gram negatives including nosocomial gram negs and ANAaerobes
B-lactam

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7
Q

What is our drug of choice for MSSA and uncomplicated cellulitis?

A

Nafcillin

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8
Q

Drug of choice for MSSA
Uncomplicated cellulitis
Perioperative prophylaxis
B-lactam

A

Cefazolin

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9
Q

Use of Cefazolin, what kind of drug is it?

A

Cefazolin for MSSA, uncomplicated cellulitis, perioperative prophylaxsis
B-Lactam

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10
Q

DOCs for Community acquired pneumonia and Community acquired meningitis

  1. At Froedert
  2. At childrens
A

ceftriaxone used at FH

Cefotaxime used at CHW

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11
Q

When do we use Ceftriaxone?

A

drug of choice for Community acquired pneumonia and Community acquired meningitis in ADULTS

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12
Q

When do we prescribe Cefotaxime

A

drug of choice for Community acquired pneumonia and Community acquired meningitis in CHILDREN

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13
Q

When do we prescribe Ceftazadime

A 
MSSA, many strep organisms, many gram 
negative organisms (including nosocomial gram negatives)
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14
Q 
MSSA, many strep organisms, many gram 
negative organisms (including some nosocomial gram negatives), and anaerobes. Will not cover Pseudomonas or Acinetobacter
A

Ertapenem

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15
Q

What does Imipenem-Cilastatin work against?

A

MSSA, many streptococcal organisms, many

gram negative organisms (including nosocomial gram negatives), and anaerobes

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16
Q

Imipenem can induce_______

if not dosed appropriately for renal function

A

seizures

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17
Q

All B-Lactams can cause:

A 
GI upset
Nausea
Diarrhea
Rash / allergic reaction
Hematologic abnormalities
(thrombocytopenia, leucopenia)
Interstitial nephritis
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18
Q

Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxicin and Moxifloxacin are all

A

Quinolones

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19
Q

Covers staphylococcal gram positives (not great for streptococcal organisms), nosocomial gram negatives, atypical organisms (mycoplasma, legionella, chlamydia), mycobacterial organisms

A

Ciprofloxacin

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20
Q

Anti-pseudomonal quinolone. Commonly used as synergy for nosocomial pneumonia, UTI’s

A

Ciprofloxacin

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21
Q

Ciprofloxacin is used for what 5 things?

Study These Flashcards
A 
Staphylococcal gram +
nosociomial gram -
atypical organism (mycoplasm, legionella, chlamydia)
mycobacterial organisms
Anti-pseudomonal
22
Q

Also referred to as a “respiratory quinolone” and can be used to treat community acquired
pneumonia if the patient is penicillin allergic

Study These Flashcards
A

Levofloxacin or moxifloxacin

23
Q

Covers staphylococcal gram positives AND
streptococcal organisms, many gram negatives (inc. nosocomial gram negatives), atypical organisms (mycoplasma, legionella, chlamydia), mycobacterial organisms (MTb, MAC, etc.)Anti-pseudomonal quinolone. Commonly used as synergy for nosocomial pneumonia,

24
Q

whats the simulatity and big difference in coverage between Levofloxacin and Ciprofloxacin?

Study These Flashcards
A

both cover:
Staphylococcal gram +
nosociomial gram -
atypical organism (mycoplasm, legionella, chlamydia)
mycobacterial organisms
Anti-pseudomonal
***Levofloxacin covers streptococcal while Cipro doesn’t

25
Covers staphylococcal gram positives and streptococcal organisms, many gram negatives (not to be used to Pseudomonas), atypical organisms (mycoplasma, legionella, chlamydia), mycobacterial organisms (MTb, MAC, etc.).
Moxifloxacin (dif from Levo bc isn't used for pseudomonas!)
26
How are Levofloxacin and Moxifloxacin different?
Same coverage but Moxifloxacin can't be used for pseudomonas
27
Typically used to treat community acquired | pneumonia and sinusitis (Z-pak).
Azithromycin | Clarithromycin
28
What drugs are macrolides and what are they used for?
Azithromycin and Clarithromycin used to tx community acquired pneumonia and sinusitis Atypicals In combo tx for MAC
29
Side effects of macrolides (Azithro and Clarithromycin)
``` Promotility agents (e.g. will cause loose BM’s or diarrhea) ```
30
Side effects of all quinolones
``` Prolonged QT interval Decrease seizure threshold Spontaneous tendon rupture Rarely causes hypoglycemia in patients on oral hypoglycemic agents Interacts with Coumadin (raises INR) ```
31
Drug of choice for coagulase negative | staphylococcal infections.
Vancomycin (glycopeptide)
32
Empiric therapy for suspected line related infections or other device related infections
Vancomycin
33
Side effects of vancomycin
Drug induced thrombocytopenia and | leukopenia. Rarely associated with interstitial nephritis
34
Indicated for treatment of skin and soft tissue infections caused by gram positive organisms (staph and strep) and for Staphylococcal (MRSA and MSSA) endocarditis. Cannot be used to treat pulmonary infections. May cover vancomycin resistant organisms
Daptomycin
35
Why would you not prescribe daptomycin to someone with strep. pneumo pulmonary infection event though it has good gram + coverage?
Daptomycin is NOT used to tx pulmonary infections
36
Negative side effect of daptomycin
Causes elevations of CPK (may cause rhabdomyolysis)
37
Indicated for the treatment of skin and soft | infections, bacteremia with vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE), nosocomial pneumonia (covers MRSA).
Linezolid
38
What three things does Linezolid cover?
1. tx skin and soft tissue infections 2. Bacterimia w/ vanco resistant enterococci 3. nosocomial pneumonia (covers MRSA)
39
Sides of Linezolid
Bone marrow suppression (leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia), peripheral neuropathy seen with long term use and don't give with SSRIs
40
Drug of choice for treatment of possible Pneumocystis pneumonia in AIDS patient and immunocompromised patients.
Trimethoprim/Sulfa
41
2nd line agent for community | acquired pneumonia and community acquired sinusitis. Can treat CA-MRSA
Doxycycline
42
What does Doxycyline tx?
2nd line for community acquired sinusitis and tx CA-MRSA
43
Sides of Doxycycline
GI distress Teeth discoloration (kids) Photosensitivity
44
Use for 1st line Rx for C. difficile and for anaerobic coverage.
Metronidazole
45
Uses of Metonidazole
C.diff and anaerobic coverage
46
Three coverage for Clindamycin
Excellent gram positive coverage (staph and streps). Expand anaerobic coverage. Can be used to treat CA-MRSA.
47
Aztreonam offers what kind of coverage?
Monobactam. Aerobic gram negative coverag
48
Pt has Penicillin allergy, need to have aerobic gram negative coverage. What drug do you use?
Aztreonam
49
Often used in combination with other antibiotics for synergy against gram positive and gram negative organisms.
Aminoglycocides: Gentamycin Tobramycin Amikacin
50
Tobramycin and amikacin offer best coverage for
nosocomial gram negatives

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