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Antibiotics Flashcards

(39 cards)

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1
Q

Antibiotics on bacterial metabolism

A

Drugs:
SULFAMETHOXAZOLE + TRIMETHOPRIM → COTRIMOXAZOL = Urinary, Respiratory, Intestinal infection

SILVERSULFADIAZINE → TOPICAL USE FOR BURNS

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2
Q

Antibiotics on bacterial cell wall: Beta-lactams Penicillins

A

PENICILLINS:

1st gen (natural penicillin): PENICILLIN G & PENICILLIN V

Beta lactamase resistant penicillins: OXICILLIN & METHICILLIN (S.aureus)

2nd gen (aminopenicillins): AMOXICILLIN & AMPICILLIN

3d gen (Carboxypencillins):TICARCILLIN & CARBENICILLIN

4th gen (Ureidopencillins): PIPERACILLIN & MECLOCILLIN

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3
Q

Antibiotics on bacterial cell wall: Beta-lactams Monbactam drug

A
  • Monbactam: AZTREONAM
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4
Q

Antibiotics on bacterial cell wall: Beta-lactams Carbapenem drug

A
  • Carbapenem: IMIPENEM, CARBAPENEM
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5
Q

Antibiotics on bacterial cell wall: Beta-lactams cephalosporins drugs

A
  • Cephalosporins

1st gen: CEPHAZOLINE, CEPHALEXIN, CEPHALOTHIN

2nd gen: CEFUROXIME, CEFACLOR, CEPHONICIDE

3rd: CEFOTAXIME, CEFOTIME, CEFTRIAXONE, CEFIXIME

Could be useful in the treatment of odontogenic infections caused by resistant bacteria.

Nephrotoxicity (1st generation)

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6
Q

Antibiotic on bacterial cell wall: Glycopeptides

A

VANCOMYCIN & TEICOPLANINE

Teicoplanin dont need dose regulation when kidney failure

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7
Q

Antibiotic on bacterial protein synthesis: Macrolides

A

Macrolides: ERYTHROMYCIN, AZITRHOMYCIN, SPIRAMYCIN, CLARITHROMYCIN, TELITHROMYCIN (new family)

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8
Q

Antibiotic on bacterial protein synthesis: Lincosamides

A

CLINDAMYCIN

Good bone penetration

o Bone infections
o Perialveolar abscesses

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9
Q

Antibiotic on bacterial protein synthesis: Tetracyclines

A

TETRACYCLINE, OXYTETRACYCLINE, DOXYCYCLINE, MINOCYCLINE

In dentistry uses = PERIODONTAL DISEASES (broad spectrum + reduce inflammation)

Gradually reduced activity due to overuse!

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10
Q

Antibiotic on bacterial protein synthesis: Aminoglycosides

A

Aminoglycosides: GENTAMYCIN, TOBRAMYCIN, STREPTOMYCIN & NEOMYCIN

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11
Q

Antibiotic on bacterial nucleic acid function & synthesis: Quinolones

A

Quinolones:

1st gen: NALDIXIC ACID & PIPEMIDIC ACID

2nd gen: NORFLOXACIN & CIPROFLOXACIN

3rd gen: LEVOFLOXACIN

4th gen: MOXIFLOXACIN & GATIFLOXACIN

Not used in dentistry

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12
Q

Antibiotic on bacterial nucleic acid function & synthesis: Nitroimidazoles

A

Nitroimidazole: METRONIDAZOLE måste administreras tillsammans med penicillin, macrolide eller cepaholsporin

Use: Oral infections by ANAEROBS!

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13
Q

Penicillin G

A

NARROW SPECTRUM

Main disadvantage: High incidence of hypersensitivity

Rare in dentistry but still used for dental infection

Use: ear, throat, STD infections

Intramuscular injection

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14
Q

Pencillin V

A

aka phenoxymethylpenicillin

Tolerate gastric acid

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15
Q

Methicillin
Oxacillin
Cloxacillin
Dicloxacillin

A

In infections with staphylococci that produce beta-lactamases

S.aureus

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16
Q

AMOXICILLIN
AMPICILLIN
BACAMPICILLIN
METHAMPICILLIN

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A

Number 1 used in dentistry.

Dont tolerate beta-lactamase so needs to be adminstered with clavulanic acid

17
Q

Amoxicillin general and infections?

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A

Broad spectrum
Orally
Food don’t interact

Disadvantage: not reistant to b-lactamase enzyme

Odontogenic infections:

  • Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis
  • Pericoronaritis
  • Periodontitis
  • Periapical and periodontal abscesses
  • etc.
18
Q

General side effects of all penicillins:

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A 
Nauseas
Dyspepsia and epigastric pain 
ü Diarrhea 
Pain in the site of injection
Cutaneous exanthema
Hypersensitivity
19
Q

Drugs commonly causing hypersensitivity

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A

Cephalosporins
Penicillin
Sulfonamides

20
Q

3rd and 4th gen penicillins

Carboxypenicillins:

TICARCILILNE
CARBENICILILN

Ureidopenicillins:

PIPERACILLIN
MECLOCILLIN

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A

Hospital setting

IV administration

NOT resistant to lactamase enzyme

SERIOUS INFECTIONS

21
Q

Monobactam and carbepenem

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A

Mono: Aztreonam

Carbe: Imipenem & Carbapenem

Hospital use

22
Q

Cephalosporins use:

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A

Substitutes for penicillins in respiratory or urinary infections, in situations of allergy or bacterial resistance.

Alternative to penicillin G or amoxicillin

Could be useful in the treatment of odontogenic infections caused by resistant bacteria.

23
Q

Cephalosporins 1st gen spectrum

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A

Gram + staphylococci and streptococcus

Nephrotoxicity 1st generation

24
Q

Cephalosporins 2nd gen spectrum

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A

Spectrum expanded to gram - and some anaerobes

25
Cephalosporins 3rd gen
``` Hospital use (serious nosocomial infections) Spectrum expanded ```
26
Glycopeptides drugs and indications
Vancomycin and Teicoplanine Low TI: Extremely nephro- and ototoxic!!! Vancomycin and teicoplanine are widely used in the treatment of infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphyloccus aureus (MRSA).
27
Macrolides
ERYTHROMYCIN CLARITHROMYCIN AZITHROMYCIN SPIRAMYCIN New family: TELITHROMYCIN = Don't need renal adjustment! Odontological infections!!!
28
ERYTHROMYCIN
Potent enzymatic inhibitor
29
Clarithromycin
Fewer interactions than erythromycin Oral infections Prophylaxis
30
Azitrhromycin
Prophylaxis in dental surgery
31
Spiramycin
Used in Dentistry associated with metronidazole for the treatment and prevention of acute, chronic or recurrent oral infections
32
TELITHROMYCIN
DOES NOT NEED ADJUSTMENT OF DOSES IN RENAL INSUFFICIENCY
33
Lincosamides: CLINDAMYCIN
Alternative to patient with beta-lactam allergy Very good bone penetrability. Adverse effect: pseudomembranous colitis ( C.difficile)
34
Tetracyclines
In Dentistry, they are used in some periodontal diseases because of their broad spectrum and because they contribute to the IMPROVEMENT OF INFLAMMATION
35
Tigecycline
IN DENTISTRY, IT MAY BE USED IN SERIOUS INFLAMMATIONS OF SOFT PARTS IN WHICH ORAL ANAEROBES ARE INVOLVED.
36
``` Aminoglycosides: GENTAMICIN TOBRAMYCIN STREPTOMYCIN NEOMYCIN ```
Aminoglycosides are bactericidal antibiotics, which bind to ribosomes by preventing protein synthesis.. Adverse effects: Nephrotoxicity Ototoxicity Neurotoxicity: neuromuscular blockade
37
Quinolones
Not drugs of choice in dental infections
38
Metronidazole
ORAL INFECTIONS:caused by ANAEROBES! main indication of metronidazole is as antiprotozoal Since metronidazole has little effect on aerobic bacteria, it must be co-administered with a penicillin, cephalosporin or macrolide.
39
Tetracylines adverse effects:
Can affect calcium in teeth and bone and should absolutly not be taken with diary product! CARIES, MALOCCLUSION, DISCOLORING

Antibiotics (1 decks)

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