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VetPrep PowerPages: Non-species specific > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

(68 cards)

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1
Q

Spectrum of Activity? for:

Penicillins
Procaine
Penicillin G
Na+ or K+
Penicillin
Ampicillin
Amoxicillin
Oxacillin
Ticarcillin
Imipenem
A
  • Gram Positive
  • Limited Gram Negative
  • Anaerobes
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2
Q

Spectrum of Activity? for:

Cephalosporins
1st Generation
Cefadroxil
Cefazolin
Cephalothin
Cephalexin
2nd Generation
Cefoxitin
Cefuroxime
3rd Generation
Ceftiofur
Cefotaxime
Cefovecin
4th Generation
Cefepime
Ceftazidime
Cefiderocol
A
  • Gram Positive
  • Gram Negative
  • Anaerobes
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3
Q

Spectrum of Activity? for:

Gentamicin
Amikacin

A

Gram Negative

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4
Q

Spectrum of Activity? for:

Enrofloxacin
Ciprofloxacin
Difloxacin
Marbofloxacin
Orbifloxacin
A

Gram Negative

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5
Q

Spectrum of Activity?

Tetracycline
Doxycycline

A

Gram Positive

Gram Negative

Anaerobes

Ehrlichia

Anaplasma

Rickettisial
orgranisms
DOC for
Borellia (?)

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6
Q

Spectrum of Activity?

Trimethoprim-su
lfamethoxazole

A

Gram Positive

Gram Negative

Anaerobes

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7
Q

Spectrum of Activity?

Chloramphenicol

A

Gram Positive

Gram Negative

Anaerobes

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8
Q

Spectrum of Activity?

Lincomysin
Clindamycin

A

Gram Positive

Anaerobes

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9
Q

Spectrum of Activity?

Erythromycin
Azithromycin
Clarithromycin
Tilmicosin

A

Gram Positive

Anaerobes

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10
Q

Spectrum of Activity?

Vancomycin

A

Gram Positive

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11
Q

Spectrum of Activity?

Rifampin

A

Gram Positive

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12
Q

Spectrum of Activity?

Metronidazole

A

Anaerobes

Protozoa

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13
Q

Dependence?

Penicillins
Procaine
Penicillin G
Na+ or K+
Penicillin
Ampicillin
Amoxicillin
Oxacillin
Ticarcillin
Imipenem
A

Time

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14
Q

Dependence?

Cephalosporins
1st Generation
Cefadroxil
Cefazolin
Cephalothin
Cephalexin
2nd Generation
Cefoxitin
Cefuroxime
3rd Generation
Ceftiofur
Cefotaxime
Cefovecin
4th Generation
Cefepime
Ceftazidime
Cefiderocol
A

Time

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15
Q

Dependence?

Gentamicin
Amikacin

A

Concentration

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16
Q

Dependence?

Enrofloxacin
Ciprofloxacin
Difloxacin
Marbofloxacin
Orbifloxacin
A

Concentration

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17
Q

Dependence?

Tetracycline
Doxycycline

A

Time

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18
Q

Dependence?

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

A

Time

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19
Q

Dependence?

Chloramphenicol

A

Time

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20
Q

Dependence?

Lincomysin
Clindamycin

A

– (?)

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21
Q

Dependence?

Erythromycin
Azithromycin
Clarithromycin
Tilmicosin

A

Time

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22
Q

Dependence?

Vancomycin

A

Time

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23
Q

Dependence?

Rifampin

A

Time

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24
Q

Dependence?

Metronidazole

A

Concentration

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25
MOA? ``` Penicillins Procaine Penicillin G Na+ or K+ Penicillin Ampicillin Amoxicillin Oxacillin Ticarcillin Imipenem ```
Inhibits formation of peptidoglycan cross-links if bacterial cell wall
26
MOA? ``` Cephalosporins 1st Generation Cefadroxil Cefazolin Cephalothin Cephalexin 2nd Generation Cefoxitin Cefuroxime 3rd Generation Ceftiofur Cefotaxime Cefovecin 4th Generation Cefepime Ceftazidime Cefiderocol ```
Inhibits formation of peptidoglycan cross-links of bacterial cell wall
27
Gentamicin | Amikacin
Binds to 30’s ribosomal subunit thereby interfering with protein synthesis
28
MOA? ``` Enrofloxacin Ciprofloxacin Difloxacin Marbofloxacin Orbifloxacin ```
Inhibits DNA gyrase necessary for bacterial DNA replication
29
MOA? Tetracycline Doxycycline
``` Binds to 30’s ribosomal subunit thereby interfering with protein synthesis ```
30
MOA? Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
Interfere with Folate Metabolism
31
MOA? | Chloramphenicol
``` Binds to 50’s ribosomal subunit thereby interfering with protein synthesis ```
32
MOA? Lincomysin Clindamycin
Binds 50s ribosomal subunit interfering with protein synthesis
33
MOA? Erythromycin Azithromycin Clarithromycin Tilmicosin
Binds 50’s ribosomal subunit interfering with protein synthesis
34
MOA? Vancomycine
Interferes with cell | wall synthesis
35
MOA? Rifampin
Inhibits RNA | polymerase
36
MOA? Metronidazole?
Breakage in DNA
37
Cidal or Static? ``` Penicillins Procaine Penicillin G Na+ or K+ Penicillin Ampicillin Amoxicillin Oxacillin Ticarcillin Imipenem ```
Cidal
38
Cidal or Static? ``` Cephalosporins 1st Generation Cefadroxil Cefazolin Cephalothin Cephalexin 2nd Generation Cefoxitin Cefuroxime 3rd Generation Ceftiofur Cefotaxime Cefovecin 4th Generation Cefepime Ceftazidime Cefiderocol ```
Cidal
39
Cidal or Static? Gentamicin Amikacin
Cidal
40
Cidal or Static? ``` Enrofloxacin Ciprofloxacin Difloxacin Marbofloxacin Orbifloxacin ```
Cidal
41
Cidal or Static? Tetracycline Doxycycline Binds to 30’s ribosomal
Static
42
Cidal or Static? Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
Cidal (when combined)
43
Cidal or Static? Chloramphenicol
Static
44
Cidal or Static? Lincomysin Clindamycin
Static
45
Cidal or Static? Erythromycin Azithromycin Clarithromycin Tilmicosin
Static
46
Cidal or Static? Vancomycin
Cidal
47
Cidal or Static? Rifampin
Cidal
48
Cidal or Static? Metronidazole
Cidal
49
Class: Beta Lactams | Drugs in this class?
``` Penicillins Procaine Penicillin G Na+ or K+ Penicillin Ampicillin Amoxicillin Oxacillin Ticarcillin Imipenem ``` ``` Cephalosporins 1st Generation Cefadroxil Cefazolin Cephalothin Cephalexin 2nd Generation Cefoxitin Cefuroxime 3rd Generation Ceftiofur Cefotaxime Cefovecin 4th Generation Cefepime Ceftazidime Cefiderocol ```
50
Class: Aminoglycosides | Drugs in this class?
Gentamicin | Amikacin
51
Class: Fluoroquinolones | Drugs in this class?
``` Enrofloxacin Ciprofloxacin Difloxacin Marbofloxacin Orbifloxacin ```
52
Class: Tetracyclines | Drugs in this class?
Tetracycline | Doxycycline
53
Class: Lincosamides | Drugs in this class?
Lincomysin | Clindamycin
54
Class: Macrolides | Drugs in this class?
Erythromycin Azithromycin Clarithromycin Tilmicosin
55
Occasional adverse effect of Penicillins?
Hypersensitivity
56
What can be used to extend anti-bacterial spectrum of penicillins?
Beta Lactamase (Clavulanic acid)
57
1st generation cephalosporins predominantly effective against gram (+ or -)?
Gram + Postive
58
2nd & 3rd generation cephalosporins predominately effective against gram (+ or -) ?
Gram - Negative
59
Adverse side effects of Aminoglycosides?
1. Nephrotoxic ( caution in animals with renal disease or hypovolemia) 2. Ototoxic
60
Drug class that potentiates neuromuscular blockade?
Aminoglycosides: Gentamicin Amikacin
61
Drug class that can damage cartilage in young animals?
``` Fluoroquinolones: Enrofloxacin Ciprofloxacin Difloxacin Marbofloxacin Orbifloxacin ```
62
Adverse side effects of drug class Tetracyclines?
1. Nephrotoxic (Renal tubular dz) 2. Yellow tooth discoloration in < 6 months 3. GI upset
63
Drug class that is highly lipid soluble and distributes through the body well?
1. Trimethoprim/ Sulfonamides 2. Chloramphenicol 3. Macrolides (ALL have high lipid solubility and good distribution)
64
Adverse side effects of Chloramphenicol?
1. Aplastic anemia (bone marrow suppression) in humans who come in direct contact with drug
65
What species should NOT be given Lincosamides?
Horses
66
What drug should be limited to organisms resistant to other antimicrobials?
Vancomycin
67
Drug whose main indication is for R. equi pneumonia in foals?
Rifampin
68
Adverse side effects of Metronidazole?
1. Neurologic: - weakness, ataxia - vestibular signs 2. Anorexia

VetPrep PowerPages: Non-species specific (2 decks)

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