antibiotics

Question 1

Doxycycline

Answer 1

binds to the 30S ribosomal subunit, preventing translation

Question 2

Tigecycline

Answer 2

binds to the 30S ribosomal subunit, preventing translation

Question 3

Clarithromycin

Answer 3

binds to the 50S ribosomal subunit, preventing synthesis

Question 4

Azithromycin

Answer 4

binds to the 50S ribosomal subunit, preventing synthesis

Many gram(+), some gram(-), effective against intracellular pathogens

Question 5

Fidaxomicin

Answer 5

• binds to RNA Polymerase and inhibits it
• binds to the 50S ribosomal subunit, preventing synthesis

narrow spectrum, gram (+) aerobes & anaerobes, binds sigma subuint of RNA polymerase

Question 6

Clindamycin

Answer 6

binds to the 50S ribosomal subunit, preventing synthesis

Anaerobic gram (+) above diaphragm

Question 7

Quinupristin/ Dalfopristin

Answer 7

binds to the 50S ribosomal subunit, preventing synthesis

Gram (+) cocci

Question 8

Linezolid

Answer 8

binds to the 50S ribosomal subunit, preventing synthesis

Resistant Gram (+)

Question 9

Gentamicin

Answer 9

binds to the 30S ribosomal subunit, preventing translation

Aerobic gram (-) alone, but synergistic with beta lactams for gram (+)

Question 10

Tobramycin

Answer 10

binds to the 30S ribosomal subunit, preventing translation

Aerobic gram (-) alone, but synergistic with beta lactams for gram (+)

Question 11

Parmomycin

Answer 11

binds to the 30S ribosomal subunit, preventing translation

Aerobic gram (-) alone, but synergistic with beta lactams for gram (+)

Question 12

Trimethoprim/ Sulfamethoxazole

Answer 12

Folate antagonist

Blocks purine production and nucleic acid synthesis

many Gram (-) and gram (+) including MRSA

Question 13

Ciprofloxacin

Answer 13

Binds DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV to inhibit DNA replication

many gram (-), few gram(+) atypical organisms

Question 14

Levofloxacin

Answer 14

Binds DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV to inhibit DNA replication

many gram (-), few gram(+) atypical organisms

Question 15

Moxifloxacin

Answer 15

broadest spectrum quionlone, slightly less active than cipro against gram (-), greater activity against gram (+) cocci, enhanced activy against anaerobes

Question 16

Metronidazole

Answer 16

Disrupts ETC and damages anaerobe DNA b/c it’s a prodrug and is only reduced by anaerobes

Anaerobes below diaphragm

Question 17

Mupirocin

Answer 17

inhibits staphylococcal isoleucyl tRNA synthetase

gram (+) cocci, MSSA, MSRA

Question 18

Penicillin G

Answer 18

Prevents bacteria cell wall synthesis by binding to and inhibiting PBPs(penicillin binding proteins) = prevention of crosslinking & autolysis

Gram(+) organisms: Streptococci, staph.. Only gram (-) is some neisseria meningitidis

Question 19

Nafcillin

Answer 19

biliary excretion, not renal.

Anti-staph, gran positive

Prevents bacteria cell wall synthesis by binding to and inhibiting PBPs(penicillin binding proteins) = prevention of crosslinking & autolysis

Question 20

Dicloxacillin

Answer 20

Can be given orally

Prevents bacteria cell wall synthesis by binding to and inhibiting PBPs(penicillin binding proteins) = prevention of crosslinking & autolysis

Question 21

Amoxicillin

Answer 21

Prevents bacteria cell wall synthesis by binding to and inhibiting PBPs(penicillin binding proteins) = prevention of crosslinking & autolysis

Gram (+), but improved activity against gram (-) (BROAD)

Question 22

Amoxicillin w/clavulanate

Answer 22

Prevents bacteria cell wall synthesis by binding to and inhibiting PBPs(penicillin binding proteins) = prevention of crosslinking & autolysis

Stevens Johnson’s syndrome

Gram (+), but improved activity against gram (-) (BROAD)

Question 23

Piperacillin w/tazobactam

Answer 23

Prevents bacteria cell wall synthesis by binding to and inhibiting PBPs(penicillin binding proteins) = prevention of crosslinking & autolysis

Broad spectrum, can be used for abdominal infections

Gram (+/-), covers anaerobes as well

Question 24

Ampicillin

Answer 24

Prevents bacteria cell wall synthesis by binding to and inhibiting PBPs(penicillin binding proteins) = prevention of crosslinking & autolysis

gram (-) rods (H. influenzae, E.coli, P.mirabilis, Salmonella, gram (+) cocci(Enterococci), gram (+) rods (Listeria monocytogenes), gram (-) cocci; H. Pylori

Question 25

Cephalexin (1st generation)

Answer 25

Prevents bacteria cell wall synthesis by binding to and inhibiting transpeptidases = prevention of crosslinking & autolysis Gram(+) cocci, a couple gram (-) UTIs

Question 26

Cefazolin (first generation)

Answer 26

Prevents bacteria cell wall synthesis by binding to and inhibiting transpeptidases = prevention of crosslinking & autolysis "Gram (+) and extended Gram (-) Active against anaerobes"

Question 27

Cefotetan (2nd generation)

Answer 27

Prevents bacteria cell wall synthesis by binding to and inhibiting transpeptidases = prevention of crosslinking & autolysis broad mostly gram (-) with a few gram (+)

Question 28

Ceftriaxone (third generation)

Answer 28

Prevents bacteria cell wall synthesis by binding to and inhibiting transpeptidases = prevention of crosslinking & autolysis broad mostly gram (-) with a few gram (+)

Question 29

Ceftazidime (third generation)

Answer 29

Prevents bacteria cell wall synthesis by binding to and inhibiting transpeptidases = prevention of crosslinking & autolysis broad mostly gram (-) with a few gram (+)

Question 30

Ceftazidime w/avibactam

Answer 30

Prevents bacteria cell wall synthesis by binding to and inhibiting transpeptidases = prevention of crosslinking & autolysis broad mostly gram (-) with a few gram (+)

Question 31

Cefepime (4th generation)

Answer 31

Prevents bacteria cell wall synthesis by binding to and inhibiting transpeptidases = prevention of crosslinking & autolysis Broad spec, crosses CNS, active against psuedomonas

Question 32

Ceftaroline (4th generation)

Answer 32

Prevents bacteria cell wall synthesis by binding to and inhibiting transpeptidases = prevention of crosslinking & autolysis Broad AF (LOL), treats MRSA

Question 33

Aztreonam (monobactem)

Answer 33

aerobic gram (-) rods/bacilli

Question 34

Ertapenem (carbanem)

Answer 34

Broad spectrum. gram (+) cocci, gram (-) rods, anaerobes

Question 35

Meropenem (carbapenem)

Answer 35

Broad spectrum. gram (+) cocci, gram (-) rods, anaerobes

Question 36

Vancomycin

Answer 36

Works against gram positive Causes Red Man Syndrome Inhibits cell wall synthesis by binding to the D-Ala-D-Ala terminus of nascent peptioglycan, preventing crosslinking (acts on transpeptidase and transglycosylase)

Question 37

Daptomycin

Answer 37

Binds to cell membrane, causing depolarization and rapid cell death only Gram (+)

Question 38

Telavancin

Answer 38

Inhibits cell wall synthesis by binding to the D-Ala-D-Ala terminus of nascent peptioglycan, preventing crosslinking (acts on transpeptidase and transglycosylase) Also disrupts the bacterial cell membrane potential and increases membrane permeability. only Gram (+)