Antibiotics

Question 1

penicillins mechanism

Answer 1

inhibits peptidoglycan layer formation inhibiting cell wall production

Question 2

5 indications of amoxicillin

Answer 2

Chest infections

CAP

Oral infections

Otitis Media

Sinusitis

Question 3

what class is cefalexin

Answer 3

cephalosporin

Question 4

cefalexin/ cephalosporin mechanism

Answer 4

inhibits peptidoglycan layer formation inhibiting cell wall production

same as penecillins

it is a beta lactic

Question 5

what condition is cefalexin first line treatment of

Answer 5

pyelonephritis

Question 6

what conditions is cefalexin second line treatment of

Answer 6

HAP

Question 7

which UTI patients are given cefalexin

Answer 7

pregnant ones

BUT QUESMED SAYS NITRO IS INDICATED IN PREG

Question 8

trimethoprim mechanism

Answer 8

stops bacteria from making folic acid

Question 9

can you give trimethoprim in pregnancy

Answer 9

not in 1st trimester

you would be more likely to give cefalexin

Question 10

Nitrofurantoin mechanism

Answer 10

it is metabolised in cells by nitrofuran reductase

this active form damages DNA and RNA synthesis causing cell death

Question 11

can you give nitrofurantoin in pregnancy

Answer 11

not in 3rd trimester

you would be more likely to give cefalexin

QUESMED SAYS IT IS INDICATED IN PREG

Question 12

doxycycline mechanism

Answer 12

prevents protein synthesis at the ribosomes

Question 13

3 indications of doxycycline (1 is first line)

Answer 13

STIs first line e.g. chlamydia, syphilis

HAP

Cellulitis (if fluclox is CI)

Question 14

what tablets should you not take doxycyline with

Answer 14

iron or calcium

it binds to them

just a caution

Question 15

Gentamycin class

Answer 15

aminoglycoside

stop protein synthesis at the ribosome- bactericidal

Question 16

gentamicin mechanism

Answer 16

stops protein synthesis at the ribosome- bacteriocidal

Question 17

4 indications of gentamicin

Answer 17

SEEMs serious- only given in serious infections

Septicaemia
Endocarditis (2nd line with vancomycin)
Eye Infections
Meningitis

Question 18

eryhtrhromycin class

Answer 18

macrolide

Question 19

erythromycin mechanism

Answer 19

stops protein synthesis at the ribosome

Question 20

erythromycin 4 indicationa

Answer 20

usually if Amoxicillin is CI

CAP
Otitis Media
Ulcer infections
Cellulitis

Question 21

what ECG change can erythromycin cause

Answer 21

prolongs the QT interval

Question 22

ciprofloxacin class

Answer 22

quinolone

Question 23

ciprofloxacin mechanism

Answer 23

inhibits bacterial DNA replication

Question 24

4 indications of ciprofloxacin

Answer 24

only in serious cases where other Abx are not indicated

eye infections

severe OE

UTI

Severe GI infection

Question 25

metronidazole class

Answer 25

anaerobic antimicrobial

Question 26

metronidazole mechanism

Answer 26

inhibits DNA replication

Question 27

2 indications of metronidazole

Answer 27

anaerobic so GI infection (1st line peptic ulcer with amoxicillin) vaginal infection

Question 28

Vancomycin class

Answer 28

glycopeptide

Question 29

vancomycin mechanism

Answer 29

prevents peptidoglycan layer formation inhibiting cell wall biosynthesis same as amoxicillin and cefalexin

Question 30

3 indications of vancomycin (2 are first line)

Answer 30

HAP first line Endocarditis first line cellulitis

Question 31

2 side effects of vancomycin

Answer 31

Red man syndrome thrombophlebitis

Question 32

name the antibiotic that only works on gram positive cocci and baccili

Answer 32

Vancomycin

Question 33

name the 2 antibiotics that only work on gram positive cocci and gram negative cocci

Answer 33

erythromycin metronidazole

Question 34

name the 2 antibiotics that work on gram positive cocci, gram negative cocci and gram negative bacilli

Answer 34

doxycyline ciprofloxacin

Question 35

name the 3 antibiotics that act on peptidoglycan layer cell wall synthesis

Answer 35

amoxicillin cefalexin vancomycin

Question 36

name the antibiotic that prevents folic acid production

Answer 36

trimethoprim

Question 37

name the antibiotic that prevents RNA and DNA production

Answer 37

nitrofurantoin

Question 38

name the 3 antibiotics that stop protein synthesis at the ribosomes

Answer 38

doxycycline gentamycin erythromycin

Question 39

name the 3 antibiotics that prevent DNA synthesis

Answer 39

Nitrofurantoin (also stops RNA) Ciprofloxacin Metronidazole

Question 40

what antibiotics do you give in h.pylori peptic ulcer disease

Answer 40

``` Amoxicillin AND either: Clarithromycin or Metronidazole ```