Antibiotics Flashcards
(19 cards)
What are the six main groups of antibiotics?
Beta lactams
Aminoglycosides
Glycopeptides
Macrolides
Anti-folates
Quinolones
What group does rifampicin fall into?
None - lone ranger
What group does sodium fusidate fall into?
None - lone ranger
What group does chloramphenicol fall into?
None - lone ranger
What group does doxycycline fall into?
None - lone ranger
What group does nitrofurantoin fall into?
None - lone ranger
What group does fosfomycin fall into?
None - lone ranger
What group does metronidazole fall into?
None - lone ranger
What is linezolid?
Glycopeptide resistant enterococci
VISA/VRSA
What is daptomycin?
VISA/VRSA
What is tigecycline?
ESBLs
MRSA
What are the groups of beta lactam antibiotics?
Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Carbapenems
What do they have in common?
All contain a beta lactam ring
How do they work?
Inhibit enzymes involved in cell wall assembly in bacteria
Mammalian cells lack cell walls = selective toxicity
BUT, some atypical bacteria lack cell walls (microplasma, legionella, chlamydia) - beta lactams ineffective
Penicillin is
invented in late 1920s by florey and chain
different formulationss - penicillin G, penicillin V
What does penicillin active against?
Gram + cocci and rods
Gram - cocci
Anaerobes
Treponema
NOT gram - rods
What are the two big groups of gram - rods?
Enterobacteriaceae (gut organisms)
Non-fermenters - e.g. pseudomonas aeroginosa
Penicillin developed to produce broad-spectrum penicillins
same activity, but amox better absorbed orally
NOT pseudomonas
Further developed
Piperacillin
Ticarcillin
same activity as ampicillin, but also pseudomonas aeruginosa
