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HLSC 220 > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

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1
Q

action of aminoglycosides & target

A

inhibit protein synthesis, bactericidal
narrow spectrum gram -

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2
Q

suffix for aminoglycosides

A

-mycin

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3
Q

indication for aminoglycosides

A

serious systemic infection, pneumonia, skin/bone/ear/pelvic/heart/abdominal infection

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4
Q

aminoglycoside contraindications

A

allergies

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5
Q

aminoglycoside adverse effects

A

permanent ototoxicity, transient nephrotoxicity, common hypersensitivity reactions

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6
Q

antibiotic classes with cross-sensitivity risk

A

penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapanems

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7
Q

cephalosporin action & target

A

inhibit cell wall synthesis, bactericidal
broad or narrow, gram + or -

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8
Q

cephalosporin contraindications

A

allergy and cross-sensitivity risk

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9
Q

most commonly used class of antibiotic

A

cephalosporins

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10
Q

what is cefazolin

A

1st generation cephalosporin used for surgical prophylaxis

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11
Q

importance of cephalosporin classes

A

increasing ability to target gram -
3rd generation could cross blood-brain barrier
5th generation only drug for MRSA

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12
Q

ceftaroline

A

5th generation cephalosporin, only drug for MRSA

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13
Q

cephalosporin adverse effects

A

hypersensitivity, bleeding, thrombophlebitis, rxn with alcohol, pseudomembranous colitis

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14
Q

tetracycline action & target

A

inhibit protein synthesis, bacteriostatic
broad spectrum, gram + and -

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15
Q

tetracyclines indication for use

A

acne, periodontal, lyme, peptic ulcers, chlamydia, syphilis

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16
Q

tetracyclines contraindications

A

allergy, <8yrs old, pregnant or breatfeeding

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17
Q

tetracyclines adverse effects

A

GI irritation, risk of superinfection, photosensitivity, binds to Ca and Fe, damaging to bones and teeth, antagonistic to bactericidal antibiotics

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18
Q

penicillins action and target

A

weakens cell wall, bactericidal
broad or narrow spectrum, gram + and -

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19
Q

penicillins indication for use

A

UTI, meningitis, syphilis, respiratory infections

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20
Q

penicillins contraindications

A

serious allergy

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21
Q

least toxic class of antibiotics

A

penicillins

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22
Q

penicillins adverse effects

A

disturb normal GI flora, N/V/D, abdominal pain, most common cause of drug allergy

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23
Q

significance of penicillin G

A

high in potassium which can cause life threatening cardiac rhythm disturbances

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24
Q

sulfonamides action and target

A

prevent synthesis of folic acid, bacteriostatic
broad spectrum, gram + and -

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25
what makes sulfonamides different from other antibiotics
only one to target folic acid
26
indication for use of sulfonamides
UTI, otitis media, pneumonia bronchitis, GI infection
27
sulfonamides contraindication
Allergy, pregnancy
28
effects of sulfonamides taken during pregnancy
1st trimester - birth defects late pregnancy - increased fetal bilirubin causing brain damage
29
sulfonamides adverse effects
fatal blood abnormalities (hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia), crystals in urine, Steven-Johnson syndrome, hyperkalemia, rash, photosensitivity
30
Stevens-Johnson syndrom
adverse effect from antibiotics develop flu-like symptoms then rash and skin essentially gets eaten away, appears like severe burn life threatening
31
why are sulfonamides less commonly used
increased allergies and resistant infections
32
what is TMP sulfamethoxazole
trimethoprim (TMP) and a sulfonamide, commonly used for community acquired infections in children
33
sulfonamide prefix
sulfa -
34
penicillin suffix
-cillin
35
tetracyclines suffix
-cycline
36
another name for flouroquinolones
quinolones
37
flouroquinolones action and target
inhibit DNA replication, bactericidal broad spectrum, gram + and -
38
flouroquinolones suffix
-floxacin
39
flouroquinolones indication for use
UTI, lower respiratory/bone/skin/joint infection, STI
40
flouroquinolones contraindications
pregnant, child
41
flouroquinolones adverse effects
N/V/D, oral and vaginal candida infection, CNS effects (dizzy/restless/confused, neuromuscular excitability), photosensitivity, tendonitis and tendon rupture (especially in elderly), long QT interval (can cause ventricular fibrillation), damage to bones and cartilage, crystals in urine, dangerous interactions with caffeine, dilantin/phenytoin and warfarin, C. difficile risk
42
what drugs interact dangerously with flouroquinolones
caffeine, dilantin/phenytoin, warfarin
43
carbapenems action and target
inhibits cell wall synthesis, bactericidal broad spectrum, gram + and -, anaerobic organisms
44
what antibiotic can be used for anaerobic organisms
carbapenems
45
carbapenem suffix
-penem
46
carbapenem indication for use
mixed and complicted infections, life-threatening and multidrug resistant infection
47
carbapenem contraindication
allergy, pregnant/breasfeeding, history of seizures
48
carbapenem adverse effects
injection site reactions, N/V/D, skin rash
49
why are superinfections dangerous when taking carbapenems
usually a last resort medications when others have been unsuccessful
50
macrolides action and target
inhibit protein synthesis, bacteriostatic (or bactericidal in high concentration) broad spectrum, gram + and some -
51
macrolide indications for use
respiratory/skin/soft tissue infection, group A strep, syphilis, lyme disease, gonorrhoea, chlamydia
52
macrolide suffix
-mycin
53
macrolide contraindication
prolonged QT interval, hepatic disease, pregnant/breastfeeding
54
what can you give a pt who is allergic to penicillins and sulfas
macrolides
55
macrolide adverse effects
prolonged QT interval, sudden cardiac death, hepatotoxic, GI effects, transient ototoxicity
56
lincosamides action and target
inhibit protein synthesis, bacteriostatic narrow spectrum gram +
57
lincosamides indication for use
upper and lower respiratory infection, skin infection, acne, bacterial vaginosis
58
lincosamides contraindication
allergy, use caution with history of ulcerative colitis or antibiotic-associated colitis
59
lincosamides adverse effects
C. difficile associated diarrhea, pseudomembranous colitis, superinfection, Stevens-johnson syndrome, blood abnormalities (hemolytic anemia, thrmbocytopenia)
60
what is clindamycin
only lincosamide in clinical use
61
how many lincosamides are in clinical use
1
62
when do you use clindamycin and why
when other treatments have been unsuccessful because it quickly becomes lethally toxic
63
glycopeptide action and target
inhibits cell wall synthesis, bactericidal narrow spectrum gram +
64
what is a commonly used glycopeptide
vancomycin
65
glycopeptide suffix
-mycin
66
glycopeptide indication for use
sepsis, hospital acquired pneumonia, sever skin/bone infection, antibiotic resistant infection, only for serious infections
67
glycopeptide contraindications
allergy, caution with breastfeeding/pregnant/neonate/elderly
68
glycopeptide adverse effects
severe nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, vancomycin flushing syndrome, flushing, superinfection, thrombophlebitis
69
Vancomycin flushing sydrome
administering vancomycin too quickly caused reaction similar to anaphylaxis, have to administer over 1-2 hours
70
how to decrease irritation at IV site of med being administered
slow rate of drug administration

HLSC 220 (2 decks)

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