Antibiotics Flashcards
(47 cards)
what are the beta-Lactam Anti-bacterials
Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Carbapenems, Monobactams
What is the Mechanism of Action for Penicillins
Inhibits the synthesis of bacterial cell wall which produces a defective cell wall which destroys the microorganism
is penicillin a broad spectrum atb
Yes
How does postabsorbtion look for penicillin
It is widely distributed and archives therapeutic concentration in most body fluids and is rapidly excreted in the kidneys
What are the contraindications for use of penicillin
A pt who is allergic to the drug or anything it is prepared with like eggs
it would also be contraindicated for use in people who have allergies to cephalosporins and carbapenems
Prototype for Extended Spectrum Penicillin/ Beta-Lactamase Inhibitor Combinations
Amoxicillin and Penicillin
MOA for penicillin/Beta-lactamase Inhibitor combinations
Bind with and inactivate beta-lactamase
protects penicillin from destruction and extends PCN’s spectrum of efficacy
What type of bacteria would you use a Cephalosporins
gram-negative and gram-positive
this is because it is a broad spectrum but this Is actually more effective against gram-negative than PCNs
What are the clinical indications for use of Cephalosporins
Surgical prophylaxis (prevention of surgical site infection)
Treatment of infections (respiratory tract infections, UTI, skin, soft tissue etc,)
Contraindications for Cephalosporins
Previous anaphylactic to PCN or cephalosporin allergy
What are Carbapenems
Broad-spectrum, bactericidal beta-lactam antimicrobials
MOA for Carbapenems
Inhibit the synthesis of bacterial cell walls by binding with penicillin-binding proteins
What kind of bacteria would you use Monobactum against
gram-negative bacteria
Clinical Indications for the use of Monobactum
urinary tract, skin/skin structure, lower respiratory tract, intra-abdominal, gynecologic infections, sepsis
Aminoglycosides drug class prototype
Gentamicin
for serious gram-negative infections
Fluoroquinolones drug class prototype
Ciprofloxacin
Gentamicin (aminoglycosides) MOA
bactericidal, penetrate bacterial cell walls, preventing bacterial synthesis of proteins necessary for replication
Clinical indications for use of gentamicin (aminoglycosides)
serious systemic infections
susceptible aerobic gram-negative organisms
Where you administer Gentamicin
Parenteral only; best absorbed IM or IV because it is poorly absorbed in the GI tract and if given orally it will distribute effects locally
What would you assess before administering the gentamicin
lab values, WBC, IV sites
Nursing Implications for Gentamicin (aminoglycosides)
There can be high concentrations in the kidney and inner ear
Nephrotoxicity, and ototoxicity
Aminoglycoside Toxicity guidelines
High risk: very old or very young
keep pt’s well hydrated
given no longer than 10 days
detect adverse effects quickly
MOA for Fluroquinolones (Ciprofloxacin)
Interfere with bacterial DN enzyme synthesis which is required for bacterial growth and development
What are the indications for the use of ciprofloxacin (fluoroquinolones)
various infections by the aerobic gram and other organisms
active against gram-negative and gram-positive
