Antibiotics Flashcards
(33 cards)
6 1st line antibiotics
- Penicillins
- 1st gen-cephalosporins
- Amoxy/clauv
- TMPS (trimethoprim sulfonamide)
- Tetracyclines
- Lincosamides
3 narrow spectrum 2nd line antibioitcs
Aminoglycosides
metronidazole
macrolides
1 broad spectrum 2nd line antibioitic
Chloramphenicol
2 critically important 2nd/3rd line antibiotics
1.Floroquinolones
2. Cefovecin
3 3rd line antibiotics
- 3rd and 4th generation cephalosporins
- Rifampicin
- Fosfomycin
All are critically important
5 restricted antibiotics
Glycopeptides (vancomycin, teicoplanin)
carbapenems & monbactams
Oxazolides: linezolid
Lipopeptides_ daptomycin
Riminofenazines: clofazaime
2nd line antibiotic use
Wherever possible use C&S
Must C&S for critical group
6 possible antibiotic targets
- Inhibition of protein synthesis
- inhibition of cell membrane function
- Inhibition of cell wall synthesis
- Interference with other pathways- such as blocking folic acid
- Inhibition of DNA dependent RNA polymerase
- Disruption of DNA structure
Mechanism of Penicillins
bactericidal
Beta-lactam- inhibition of cell wall synthesis- stop peptide crosslinks in cell wall
Mechanism and spectrum of tetracycline
Bacteriostatic
Inhibits translation- block tRNA attachment of 30S subunit on ribosome and inhibits mRNA production
Very Broad
Mechanism and spectrum and risk of TMPS
Bacteriocidal
Interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking folic acid production
Broad
-> can induce secondary immune-mediated disease
mechanism and spectrum of nitromidazoles (Metronidazole)
Bactericidal
Disrupt DNA structure
Narrow- aimed at ANAEROBIC
Mechanism and spectrum of steroid antibiotics (fusidic acid in ear drops)
bacteriostatic/bactericidal- affect protein synthesis
narrow- most effective against gram +ve
Mechanism, examples and spectrum of aminoglycosides
Bactericidal- inhibit protein synthesis (30S subunit)
streptomycin, neomycin, gentamycin, amikacin
narrow- predominantly gram -ve AEROBIC
Mechanism, examples and spectrum of amphenicols
Bacteriostatic
inhibits protein synthesis at 50S subunit
Chloramphenicol (not in food animals), florfenicol (not in milk or egg animals)
very broad
Mechanism, examples and spectrum of amphenicols
Bacteriostatic
inhibits protein synthesis at 50S subunit
Chloramphenicol (not in food animals), florfenicol (not in milk or egg animals)
very broad
Mechanism, examples and spectrum of macrolides
bacteriostatic- inhibit protein synthesis at 50s subunit
Erythromycin, Tylosin, Spiramycin
Intermediate- more actions against gram +ve and anaerobic
Mechanism, examples and spectrum of lincosamides
Bacteriostatic- inhibit protein synthesis at 50S subunit
Lincomycin, clindamycin
Intermediate
Example of 2nd gen cephalosporin
Cefuroxime
mechanism of cephalosporines
bactericidal
beta lactam, stop peptide links in cell wall
Examples of 1st gen cephalosporin
Cefadroxil
Cephalexin
Examples of 34d nad 4th gen cephalosporins
Cefovecin
Ceftazidime
mechanism, use and spectrum of polymixin B
Bactericidal- distrupt outer membrane of gram -ve
Narrow
Used for pseudomonal infections, superficial ocular infections in horses, never used systemically
mechanism, examples, uses and spectrum of fluoroquinolones
bacterididal- inhibit DNA gyrase and supercoiling of DNA
Difloxacin, Enrofloxacin, Marbofoxacin
Broad
OFTEN USED IN POULTRY, Enrofloxacin licensed in exotics but not always best 1st choice, DO NOT USE IN NOENATE
