Antibiotics

Question 1

Rifampicin

Answer 1

broad-spectrum antibiotic. Acts by binding the beta subunit of bacterial RNA polymerase, plugging up the exit chamber where assembled RNA exits the transcriptional complex. Thus elongation is prevented from going farther than a few base pairs due to having nowhere to go.

Question 2

Tamoxifen

Answer 2

acts as an antagonist to estrogen, binding to the estrogen receptors as a ligand without providing dimerization– thus effectively preventing estrogen from binding to its site of action and preventing the transcriptional effect of estrogen receptors. Antibiotics inhibit translation by interfering with the ribosome (both 30S and 50S subunits) through tRNA binding, elongation and peptidyl transferase.

Question 3

Rapamycin

Answer 3

Inhibits mTOR which normally p 4E-BP1. When not phosphorylated 4E-BP binds 4E to stop initiation of translation.

Question 4

Gleevec

Answer 4

is a cancer treatment that competitively inhibits bcr-abl tyrosine kinase such that the substrate is not phosphorylated and active and the tumor cell cannot proliferate via an abberant bcr-able gene.

Question 5

Velcade

Answer 5

nhibits a proteosome that degrades good proteins resulting in multiple myeloma

Question 6

Alpha-amaitin

Answer 6

extremely toxic substance found in death cap mushrooms. Acts by inhibiting the movement of RNA Pol II, binding its bridge substructure so that translocation of the polymerase down the DNA chain can’t happen.

Question 7

Cisplatin

Answer 7

Alkylating agent. Carcinogen.

Question 8

Puromycin

Answer 8

Nucleotide analogue that acts like tRNA. Induces polypeptide transfer but dissociates everything instead

Question 9

Actinomycin D, Adriamycin

Answer 9

Intercalates in backbone and inhibits txn

Question 10

AZT

Answer 10

Block HIV Transcriptase

Question 11

Acyclovir

Answer 11

Block Viral DNA pol

Question 12

Quinolones

Answer 12

Inhibit gyrase

Question 13

Cyclosporin

Answer 13

Inhibits Calcineurin which tries to activate NF-AT a transcription factor that initiates immune response. Drug is immunosupressant.

Question 14

Aspirin

Answer 14

Anti inflammatory that binds IkB to inhibit ubiquitination

Question 15

Erythromycin

Answer 15

Binds E site of bacterial ribosome to inhibit elongation of protein

Question 16

Vitamin C

Answer 16

Activates enzyme that hydroxylates proline

Question 17

Warfarin

Answer 17

Inhibits a product of alpha carboxyglutamate and inhibits clotting

Question 18

Bortezomib

Answer 18

Inhibits proteosome. Used in multiple myloma

Question 19

Angiotensin

Answer 19

Block angiotensin converting enzyme that raises bp. Treats hypertentsion

Question 20

Donepezil

Answer 20

Drug to treat neuronal dysfunction in late stage Alzheimer’s disease patients