Antibiotics

Question 1

chloramphenicol indications

Answer 1

Eye infections
Otitis externa
Haemophilus influenzae-life threating infections

Question 2

chloramphenicol side effects

Answer 2

Stinging/irritation/itching(topical)
Serious: bonemarrow depression

Question 3

Chloramphenicol in pregnancy

Answer 3

Avoid unless essential by eye
Iv/oral: avoid Grey baby syndrome in third trimester

Question 4

Chloramphenicol cautions

Answer 4

Blood disorders/low WBC count/chemotherapy

Question 5

chloramphenicol eye dose

Answer 5

1 drop every 2 hours OR
3 to 4 times a day for less severe infections

continue for 48 hours after healing

Question 6

Is amoxicillin broad or narrow spectrum

Answer 6

Broad

Question 7

Amoxicillin dose

Answer 7

500mg TDS (for most indications)

Question 8

Should chloramphenicol dose be reduced in hepatic or renal impairment?

Answer 8

Hepatic

Question 9

common side effect of amoxicillin

Answer 9

Diarrhoea, nausea

Question 10

Serious side effect of amoxicillin

Answer 10

diarrhoea with blood lasting longer than 4 days
Agranulocytosis
Allergic reaction

Question 11

Amoxicillin: before or after food?

Answer 11

Trick question!!! either

Question 12

Can you drink alcohol with amoxicillin

Answer 12

Yes

Question 13

Treatment for CAP

Answer 13

Amoxicillin or co-amoxiclav (severity)

Question 14

Gentamicin drug class?

Answer 14

Aminoglycoside

Question 15

Gentamicin route

Answer 15

Eyedrops and parenteral (IM/IV/IE)

Question 16

Why is gentamicin only injection

Answer 16

Aminoglycoside are poorly absorbed from the gut as they are highly polar.

Question 17

Two toxicities of gentamicin

Answer 17

1. Nephrotoxicity(reduce urine output and increase urea/creatinine and reduced egfr)
2. Ototoxicity(hearing loss)

Question 18

Gentamicin monitoring

Answer 18

Renal function
Serum concentrations
Hearing

Question 19

Metronidazole drug class

Answer 19

Nitroimidazole

Question 20

Common side effects of metronidazole

Answer 20

N/V
Diarrhoea
Metallic taste in mouth/furry tongue

Question 21

Serious side effects of metronidazole

Answer 21

Liver Problems(Jaundice/bleeding/brusing)
Nuetropenia(infections)

Question 22

Give 3 counselling points for metronidazole

Answer 22

1. Avoid exposure to strong sunlight or UV light
2. Take with food
3. Do not drink alcohol

Question 23

Metronidazole dose

Answer 23

400mg every 8 hours

Question 24

Metronidazole interactions

Answer 24

Metronidazole is an enzyme inhibitor
warfarin(increased bleeding)
Phenytoin(increased toxicity)

Question 25

Rifampicin drug class

Answer 25

Rifamycins

Question 26

Rifampicin serious side effects

Answer 26

1. Hepatotoxicity(jaundice) 2. stevens johnsons/ toxic epidermal reaction(blistery rash) 3.Thrombocytopenia(bruising/bleeding)

Question 27

Does rifampicin colour body fluids red/brown?

Answer 27

Yes - urine

Question 28

Rifampicin monitoring?

Answer 28

liver function tests

Question 29

Cefalexin drug class?

Answer 29

Cefalexin is a 1st generation cephalosporin

Question 30

Can cefalexin be used in pregnancy

Answer 30

Yes - for UTIs

Question 30

Cefalexin dose

Answer 30

500mg 2-3 times a day

Question 30

cefalexin cross-sensitivity?

Answer 30

- Cefalexin (1st gen)has 10% cross sensitivity with penicillin allergy - 3rd gen 2-3%

Question 30

Avoid macrolides in renal or hepatic impairment?

Answer 30

hepatic

Question 31

Cefalexin counselling

Answer 31

Do not take Zinc supplements

Question 31

Cefalexin serious side effects

Answer 31

C.diff colitis (severe diarrhoea+ blood) Liver issues Thrombocytopenia/nuetropenia

Question 31

Erythromycin serious side effects

Answer 31

- QT interval prolongation(palpitations, flutters) - Jaundice - Hepatits

Question 31

Erythromycin dose

Answer 31

250-500 mg QDS

Question 31

Erythromycin drug class

Answer 31

Macrolides