Antibiotics Flashcards
(30 cards)
what are the classes of antibiotics used in FA pharmacology?
B - LACTAMS (penicillins and cephalosporins)
Phenicols
Macrolides
Tetracyclines
Sulfamides
Flouroquinolines
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC)
The lowest the concentration of drug that inhibits visible bacterial growth
Time dependent killing requires levels above MIC for more than __ of the dosing interval and levels above 1-2x MIC are not helpful
75%
Concentration Dependent killing __ require levels above MIC for most of the dosing interval, but levels several times the MIC might __ effectiveness
Does not, increase
Bacteriostatic antibiotics are __ dependent
Time
Bacteriocidal antibiotics are __ dependent
Concentration
Bacteriocidal antibiotics (3)
- Fluorquinolones
- Aminoglycosides
- Beta LACTAMS
Bacteriocidal antibiotics (3)
- Fluorquinolones
- Aminoglycosides
- Beta LACTAMS
Bacteriostatic antibiotics (4)
- Phenicols
- Macrolides
- Tetracyclines
- Sulfas
What are the common beta LACTAMS?
Penicillins are commonly used with Procaine Penicillin G and Ampicillin (polyflex) being some of the most common
Cephalosporins
What is the spectrum of action for penicillin products
Procaine penicillin G’s spectrum of action is gram positives and anaerobes while ampicillin works best for gram +
If you’re prescribing procaine penicillin G to a cow with systemic metritis, what dose should you use? If it was an anaerobic infection what would you switch to>
Not the label dose!
For systemic metritis or foot rot use 3.5cc/100lb QD/BID
For anaerobic infection use 5cc/100lb BID
T/F: when giving penicillins its ok to go higher than the label dose without worrying about any adverse effects but the withdrawal dose increase
T
Ampicillin is mostly used in __ cows and the label dose is __
Dairy, good
Ampicillin comes in a __ and has a __ MW and __ SW
Powder, 48 hour, 7 day
Ceftiofur is a __ generation cephalosporin that has what spectrum of activity?
3rd generation with gram negative and pretty good gram positive spectrum
What 3 Ceftiofur products are commonly used in FA medicine?
Naxcel, Excenel, Exceed
Why are naxcel and excenel popular in dairy?
The milk withdrawal is 0 days while the slaughter withdrawal is 4 days
What is exceed labeled for? Where is it given?
Metritis and respiratory disease, give it at the base of the ear
What is the slaughter withdrawal for exceed?
13 days
Which penicillin and cephalosporin products are common in small ruminants?
Exceed and polyflex
Give a brief summary of tetracyclines
This was historically a producer level antibiotic because it does some gram negative/positive. Typically we choose the 5cc dose and need to give it IV to the worse cases and it will not reach high enough levels if given SQ. Administer this slowly because its compounded with propylene glycol
__ and __ should be given slowly because of propylene glycol
Tetracyclines and phenicols
briefly explain sulfas
They can be given in small or large bolus’s and are usually used as treatment for Coccidia. The smallest calf for a large bolus is around 300lbs and in cases of calf scours make sure the owner isn’t giving it every days since it lasts 72 hours
