Antibiotics

Question 1

First line antibiotic classes

Answer 1

Beta lactam penicillins (ampicillin, amoxicillin)
Tetracyclines (oxytetracycline, doxycycline)
Trimethoprim/sulfonamides (TMPS)
Nitroimidazoles (metronidazole)

Question 2

Second line antibiotic classes

Answer 2

1G & 2G cephalosporins (cephalexin, cefuroxime)
Chloramphenicol (chloramphenicol)
Lincosamides (clindamycin)
Macrolides (erythromycin)
Aminoglycosides (gentamicin, streptomycin)

Question 3

Third line antibiotic classes (i.e., should only be used if indicated by culture & sensitivity)

Answer 3

Fluoroquinolones (enrofloxacin)
3G & 4G cephalosporins (ceftiofur)

Question 4

Side effects of aminoglycosides

Answer 4

Nephrotoxic, ototoxic in middle/inner ear

Question 5

Side effects of fluoroquinolones

Answer 5

Can damage cartilage in young animals, retinal degeneration in cats (enrofloxacin)

Question 6

Side effects of tetracyclines

Answer 6

Nephrotoxic, discoloration of teeth, delayed bone growth/healing, photosensitivity

Question 7

Side effects of TMPS

Answer 7

KCS, immune complex reactions (polyarthritis, anemia, thrombocytopenia), hepatic necrosis (rare)

Question 8

Side effects of chloramphenicol

Answer 8

Bone marrow depression, fatal aplastic anemia in humans

Question 9

Side effects of lincosamides

Answer 9

Esophageal irritation/stricture, anorexia, rash/utricaria, contraindicated in herbivores (horses, rabbits, guinea pigs, etc.)

Question 10

Side effects of macrolides

Answer 10

Hepatotoxicity, severe GI upset

Question 11

Side effects of penicillins

Answer 11

Hypersensitivity, anaphylaxis, hypotension (esp. if under GA)

Question 12

Side effects of cephalosporins

Answer 12

Cross-reaction with penicillin hypersensitivity, urticaria, lethargy

Question 13

Penicillins - Bactericidal or static? Time or concentration dependent?

Answer 13

Cidal, time

Question 14

Cephalosporins - Bactericidal or static? Time or concentration dependent?

Answer 14

Cidal, time

Question 15

Tetracyclines - Bactericidal or static? Time or concentration dependent?

Answer 15

Static, time

Question 16

TMPS - Bactericidal or static? Time or concentration dependent?

Answer 16

Cidal, time

Question 17

Nitroimidazoles - Bactericidal or static? Time or concentration dependent?

Answer 17

Static/cidal depending on concentration

Question 18

Chloramphenicol - Bactericidal or static? Time or concentration dependent?

Answer 18

Static, time

Question 19

Lincosamides - Bactericidal or static? Time or concentration dependent?

Answer 19

Static

Question 20

Macrolides - Bactericidal or static? Time or concentration dependent?

Answer 20

Static, time

Question 21

Aminoglycosides - Bactericidal or static? Time or concentration dependent?

Answer 21

Cidal, concentration

Question 22

Fluoroquinolones - Bactericidal or static? Time or concentration dependent?

Answer 22

Cidal, concentration

Question 23

Which antibiotics have limited to no efficacy against Gram-negative bacteria?

Answer 23

Macrolides (ex. erythromycin)
Lincosamides (ex. clindamycin)
Penicillins

Question 24

Which antibiotics work best against Gram-negative baceria?

Answer 24

Aminoglycosides
Fluroquinolones
3G&4G cephalosporins

Question 25

Which antibiotics have **limited to no efficacy** against *anaerobic bacteria*?

Answer 25

Aminoglycosides Fluoroquinolones

Question 26

Give an example of a Beta lactam antibiotic

Answer 26

Penicillin

Question 27

Give an example of a 1G cephalosporin

Answer 27

Cephalexin

Question 28

Give an example of a 2G cephalosporin

Answer 28

Cefuroxime

Question 29

Give an example of a 3G cephalosporin

Answer 29

Cefovecin

Question 30

Give an example of a 4G cephalosporin

Answer 30

Cefquinome

Question 31

Give an example of a tetracyline

Answer 31

Doxycycline

Question 32

Give an example of a trimethoprim/sulfonmide

Answer 32

Trimethoprim-sulfmethoxazole (TMPS)

Question 33

Give an example of a nitroimidazole

Answer 33

Metronidazole

Question 34

Give an example of a phenicol

Answer 34

Chloramphenicol

Question 35

Give an example of a lincosamide

Answer 35

Clindamycin

Question 36

Give an example of a macrolide

Answer 36

Erythromycin

Question 37

Give an example of an aminoglycoside

Answer 37

Gentamicin

Question 38

Give an example of a fluoroquinolone

Answer 38

Enrofloxacin