Antibiotics

Question 1

Has more prophylaxis than any other drug.

Answer 1

Penicillin V

Question 2

The 5th generation of this drug kills MRSA

Answer 2

Cephalexin

Question 3

Avoid alcohol with this antibiotic because it causes a severe disulfiram (Antabuse) like reaction if consumed within 72 hours (severe headache, flushing, nausea, vomiting)

Answer 3

Cephalosporin (Cephalexin)

Question 4

Should not use if breastfeeding—will alter infant’s bowel flora

Answer 4

Cephalosporin (Cephalexin)

Question 5

Requires peak and trough levels as well as BUN /creatine levels for

Answer 5

Vancomycin

Question 6

Oral preparations are available for GI infections, specifically C Diff

Answer 6

Vancomycin

Question 7

A glycopeptide bacteriocidal antibacterial
Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis

Answer 7

Vancomycin

Question 8

Adverse effects:
Red man syndrome
Caused by too rapid infusion

Answer 8

Vancomycin

Question 9

Nephrotoxicity
Ototoxicity
Can result in permanent hearing loss

Answer 9

Vancomycin

Question 10

Used for complicated skin infections
Effective against many strains of staph & strep
Including MRSA & VRE

Answer 10

Vancomycin

Question 11

Used for serious gram+ infection C-diff

Answer 11

Vancomycin

Question 12

Bacteriostatic
Inhibit protein synthesis within the bacterial cell

Answer 12

Tetracyclines (doxycycline)

Question 13

Used as broad-spectrum agent when PCN in contraindicated
Rickettsial disease
Acne
Chlamydia trachomatis (STI)

Answer 13

Tetracyclines (doxycycline)

Question 14

Children <9 yo
Permanent discoloration of the teeth

Answer 14

Tetracyclines (doxycycline)

Question 15

Caution with regard to eating (1 hour before or 2 hours after eating)
Binds with iron, magnesium, & calcium

Answer 15

Tetracyclines (doxycycline)

Question 16

Store away from heat/light
Stop immediately if pregnancy is suspected
Avoidance of sun
Don’t take with milk—will decrease absorption
Dispose of expired meds—can become toxic

Answer 16

Tetracyclines (doxycycline)

Question 17

Blocks ribosomes from reading the mRNA within the cell = no multiplication

Answer 17

Aminoglycosides (gentamicin)

Question 18

Primarily gram (-)
Prophylactic reduction of normal flora in GI tract prior to abdominal surgery

Hepatic encephalopathy

Answer 18

Aminoglycosides (gentamicin)

Question 19

Ototoxicity
Nephrotoxicity
Neurotoxicity

Answer 19

Aminoglycosides (gentamicin)

Question 20

Accurate weight is needed for dosing
Peak/trough
Poorly absorbed in the GI tract—typically given IM or IV

Answer 20

Aminoglycosides (gentamicin)

Question 21

Immediately report pregnancy—can be teratogenic

Answer 21

Aminoglycosides (gentamicin)

Question 22

Binds to ribosomal subunits = inhibition of protein synthesis

Answer 22

Macrolides (azithromycin)

Question 23

Primarily gram (+) but also used against some gram (-)
Prophylaxis prior to dental procedures
If patient is allergic to PCN

Answer 23

Macrolides (azithromycin)

Question 24

Hepatotoxicity
High doses
Usually reversible

Answer 24

Macrolides (azithromycin)

Question 25

Primarily bacteriostatic (slows growth) Inhibit the activity of folic acid in bacterial cell metabolism

Answer 25

Sulfonamides trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim)

Question 26

Control infections caused by both gram (+) and gram (-) bacteria UTI Otitis media Chronic bronchitis Traveler’s diarrhea

Answer 26

Sulfonamides trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim)

Question 27

Stomatitis, anorexia, N/V/D, abdominal pain → weight loss Crystalluria Photosensitivity Serious: toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), aplastic anemia (decreased blood cell production in the bone marrow)

Answer 27

Sulfonamides trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim)

Question 28

Give PO with 8 oz of water

Answer 28

Sulfonamides trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim)

Question 29

May cause skin or contact lens discoloration

Answer 29

Sulfonamides trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim)

Question 30

Interferes with bacterial DNA synthesis Prevents cell reproduction = death

Answer 30

Fluoroquinolones (levofloxacin)

Question 31

Gram (+) and gram (-) LRIs Bone & joint infections URI

Answer 31

Fluoroquinolones (levofloxacin)

Question 32

Contraindications: Children/adolescents, pregnancy

Answer 32

Fluoroquinolones (levofloxacin)

Question 33

Black box warning: Tendinitis and tendon rupture Peripheral neuropathy Central nervous system effects Exacerbation of muscle weakness in patients with myasthenia gravis

Answer 33

Fluoroquinolones (levofloxacin)

Question 34

Infection caused by a fungus

Answer 34

Mycosis

Question 35

Effect the cell membrane of the fungus

Answer 35

Azoles

Question 36

Collect sputum specimens – 3 consecutive morning specimens May have to be induced

Answer 36

Antitubercular (isoniazid)

Question 37

Avoid foods with tyramine (aged cheeses, cured meets, beer, red wine). Can cause tyramine toxicity: headache, diaphoresis, n/v/d, tachycardia, dyspnea, hypotension

Answer 37

Antitubercular (isoniazid)

Question 38

Hepatotoxicity, orange discoloration of body fluids, hematologic disorders

Answer 38

Antitubercular (rifampin)