Antibiotics Flashcards by Ailsa Morris

What is the first line treatment for epiglottitis?

Cefriaxone

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What is the first line treatment for an exacerbation of COPD?

Amoxycillin

2nd line = Doxycycline

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What is the first line treatment for CAP with a CURB65 score of 0-2

Amoxicillin

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What is the first line treatment for CAP with a CURB65 score of 0-2 where the patient is penicillin allergic?

Doxycycine

clarithromycin if IV required

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What is the first line treatment for CAP with a CURB65 score of 3 or more

Co-amoiclav

Clarithrymycin/Doxycycline

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What is the first line treatment for CAP with a CURB65 score of 3 or more who is penicillin allergic

Levoflaxacin

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What drug do all severe CAP cases step down to?

Doxycycline

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What is the treatment for severe HAP?

Amoxicillin, Metronidazole + Gentamicin

step down to co-amoxiclav

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What is the treatment for non-severe HAP?

Amoxicillin + Metronidazole

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What drugs would be used with Legionnaires Disease?

Erythromycin/carythromicin + Levoflaxacin

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What antibiotics would be given to a patient with Pneumocysitis carinii pneumonia?

Cotrimoxazole

Pentamidine

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What antibiotic is used for fungal chest infections?

Amphotereicin B

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What is the treatment regime for TB?

2 Months of:
Rifampicin
Isoniazid
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol

Then a further 4 months of:
Rifampicin
Isoniazid

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What is the empirical treatment for Non-severe native valve endocarditis?

Amoxicillin + Gentamicin

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What is the empirical treatment for severe native valve endocarditis or endocarditis in an IVDU?

Flucloxacillin

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What is the empirical treatment for prosthetic heart valve of suspected MRSA endocarditis?

Vancomycin, Rifampicin + Gentamicin

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Which drug(s) would be used primarily to treat endocarditis proven to be caused by Staph. aureus

Flucloxacillin

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Which drug(s) would be used primarily to treat endocarditis proven to be caused by MRSA

Vancomycin + gentamicin

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Which drug(s) would be used primarily to treat endocarditis proven to be caused by Viridans streptococci

Benzylpenicillin + Gentamicin

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Which drug(s) would be used primarily to treat endocarditis proven to be caused by Enterococcus spp.

Amoxicillin/vancomycin + Gentamicin

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Which drug(s) would be used primarily to treat endocarditis proven to be caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis?

Vancomycin + Gentamicin

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What antibiotic(s) would be used to treat a non-severe c.diff infection?

Metronidazole

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What antibiotic(s) would be used to treat a severe c.diff infection?

Vancomycin +/- Metronidazole

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Which drugs would be used to treat peritonitis or a biliary tract/intra-abdominal infection?

Amoxicillin + Metronidazole + Gentamicin

step down to co-trimoxazole + metronidazole

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Which drugs would be used to treat peritonitis or a biliary tract/intra-abdominal infection in a patient who is penicillin allergic?

Vancomycin + Metronidazole + Gentamicin | step down to co-trimoxazole + metronidazole

What drugs would be used in diverticulitis if antibiotics were indicated?

Metronidazole + Co-trimoxazole

Which classes of antibiotic act on the cell wall?

Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Glycopeptides

Which classes of antibiotic inhibit protein synthesis?

Macrolides, Aminoglycosides, Others (Clindamycin, Chloramphenicol, Tetracyclines)

Which antibiotics act on bacterial DNA?

Metronidazole, Trimethoprim, Fluoroquinolones

How are penicillins excreted from the body?

Rapidly via kidneys

How are cephalosporins excreted from the body?

via kidneys

How are glycopeptides excreted from the body?

via kidneys

How are macrolides excreted from the body?

via the liver + biliary tract into the gut

How are aminoglycosides excreted from the body?

via kidneys

How is Clindamycin excreted from the body?

via the liver + biliary tract into the gut

How is Chloramphenicol excreted from the body?

via the liver + biliary tract into the gut

How are Tetracyclines excreted from the body?

via the liver + biliary tract into the gut

How is Timethoprim excreted from the body?

via kidneys

How are Fluoroquinolones excreted from the body?

via kidneys

What are the different types of penicillins?

Benzylpenicillin, Phenoxmethyl penicillin, Long-acting penicillin, Flucloxacillin, Amoxicillin, Co-amoxiclav, Piperacillin/Tazobactam

What are the different types of cephalosporins?

cefalexin, cefixime, ceftriaxone, cefrazimide

What are the different types of glycopeptides?

vancomycin and tecoplanin

What are the different types of macrolides?

erythromycin, clarythromycin, azithromycin

What are the different types of aminoglycosides?

gentamicin

What are the different types of tetracyclines?

Doxycycline

What are the different types of Fluoroquinolones?

Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin

What is penicillin (3 types) used to treat?

Clostridium spp. and Streptococcus spp.

What is flucloxacillin used to treat?

staph aureus infections (skin, wound, soft tissue)

What is amoxicillin used to treat?

Clostridium spp., Strep spp., Enterococcus spp., Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria spp.

What is Co-amoxiclav used to treat?

all of the same as amoxicillin + Staph aureus, coliforms and Bacteroides spp.

What is Piperacillin/Tazobactam used to treat?

everything except MRSA and pseudomonas aeruginosa

What is cefalexin used to treat?

UTIs

What is Cefixime used to treat?

Gonorrhoea

What is Ceftriaxone used to treat?

meningitis

What is ceftazidime used to treat?

Pseudomonas sp.

What is vacomycin/teicoplanin used to treat?

organisms with a gram +ve wall

What is erythromycin/clarythromycin/azithromycin used to treat?

Intracellular organisms e.g. Legionella, also infections of bacteria without a proper cell wall e.g. mycoplasma and chlamydia infections. Also clostridium spp., strep spp., staph aureus, neisseria spp., haemophilus influenzae

What is gentamicin used to treat?

Gram -ve aerobic organisms: | Neisseria spp., coliforms, pseudomonas aeruginosa, MRSA, staph aureus

What is Clindamycin used to treat?

2nd line for staph and strep infections

What is Chloramphenicol used to treat?

Topically for eye infections

What is doxycycline used to treat?

infections with bacteria without a proper cell wall (atypical pneumonia organisms) also infections in patients who are penicillin allergic

What is metronidazole used to treat?

True anaerobes = Clostridium spp., Bacteroides spp.

What is Trimethoprim used to treat?

can be used with suplphamethoxazole to give co-trimoxazole used in treatments of both gram +ve and gram -ve bacteria

What is Ciprofloxacin used to treat?

complicated UTIs and UTIs in men <60

What is levofloxacin used to treat?

severe CAP in penicillin allergic patients

Antibiotics Flashcards

(65 cards)