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Antimicrobials / Immune-Related > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

Penicillin G

A

Narrow Spectrum Penicillin Compound
(Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitor)

MOA: inhibit Penicillin Binding Proteins

Adverse: Hypersensitivity

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2
Q

Penicillin V

A

Narrow Spectrum Penicillin Compound
(Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitor)

MOA: inhibit Penicillin Binding Proteins

Adverse: Hypersensitivity

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3
Q

Amoxicillin

A

Penicillin Compound
(Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitor)

MOA: inhibit Penicillin Binding Proteins

Adverse: Hypersensitivity

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4
Q

Methicillin

A

Narrow Spectrum Penicillin Compound
(Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitor)

MOA: inhibit Penicillin Binding Proteins

Adverse: Hypersensitivity

B-lactamase resistant

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5
Q

Nafcillin

A

Narrow Spectrum Penicillin Compound
(Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitor)

MOA: inhibit Penicillin Binding Proteins

Adverse: Hypersensitivity

B-lactamase resistant

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6
Q

Oxacillin

A

Narrow Spectrum Penicillin Compound
(Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitor)

MOA: inhibit Penicillin Binding Proteins

Adverse: Hypersensitivity

B-lactamase resistant

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7
Q

Ampicillin

A

Penicillin Compound
(Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitor)

MOA: inhibit Penicillin Binding Proteins

Adverse: Hypersensitivity

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8
Q

Piperacillin

A

Penicillin Compound
(Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitor)

MOA: inhibit Penicillin Binding Proteins

Adverse: Hypersensitivity

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9
Q

Ticarcillin

A

Penicillin Compound
(Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitor)

MOA: inhibit Penicillin Binding Proteins

Adverse: Hypersensitivity

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10
Q

Azlocillin

A

Penicillin Compound
(Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitor)

MOA: inhibit Penicillin Binding Proteins

Adverse: Hypersensitivity

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11
Q

Clavulanic acid

A

B-lactamase inhibitor

MOA: inhibit B-lactamase

Used in combination w/ penicillin agent

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12
Q

Cefazolin

A

1st Generation Cephalosporin
(Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitor)

MOA: inhibit Penicillin Binding Protein

Adverse: Hypersensitivity

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13
Q

Cephalexin

A

1st Generation Cephalosporin
(Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitor)

MOA: inhibit Penicillin Binding Protein

Adverse: Hypersensitivity

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14
Q

Cefotetan

A

2nd Generation Cephalosporin
(Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitor)

MOA: inhibit Penicillin Binding Protein

Adverse: Hypersensitivity

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15
Q

Cefaclor

A

2nd Generation Cephalosporin
(Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitor)

MOA: inhibit Penicillin Binding Protein

Adverse: Hypersensitivity

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16
Q

Cefuroxime

A

2nd Generation Cephalosporin
(Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitor)

MOA: inhibit Penicillin Binding Protein

Adverse: Hypersensitivity

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17
Q

Ceftriaxone

A

3rd Generation Cephalosporin
(Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitor)

MOA: inhibit Penicillin Binding Protein

Adverse: Hypersensitivity

can enter CNS

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18
Q

Cefotaxime

A

3rd Generation Cephalosporin
(Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitor)

MOA: inhibit Penicillin Binding Protein

Adverse: Hypersensitivity

can enter CNS

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19
Q

Cefdinir

A

3rd Generation Cephalosporin
(Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitor)

MOA: inhibit Penicillin Binding Protein

Adverse: Hypersensitivity

can enter CNS

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20
Q

Cefixime

A

3rd Generation Cephalosporin
(Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitor)

MOA: inhibit Penicillin Binding Protein

Adverse: Hypersensitivity

can enter CNS

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21
Q

Cefepime

A

4th Generation Cephalosporin
(Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitor)

MOA: inhibit Penicillin Binding Protein

Adverse: Hypersensitivity

can enter CNS

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22
Q

Rx to treat MRSA

A

Vancomycin, Linezolid, Daptomycin

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23
Q

Aztreonam

A

Monobactam
(Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitor)

MOA: inhibit Penicillin Binding Protein

Rx: CNS or severe infections
(Gram (-) ONLY)

Adverse: Hypersensitivity

can enter CNS

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24
Q

Doripenem

A

Carbapenem

MOA: inhibit Penicillin Binding Protein
(Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitor)

Adverse: N/V/diarrhea

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25
Ertapenem
Carbapenem MOA: inhibit Penicillin Binding Protein (Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitor) Adverse: N/V/diarrhea
26
Meropenem
Carbapenem MOA: inhibit Penicillin Binding Protein (Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitor) Adverse: N/V/diarrhea
27
Imipenem
Carbapenem MOA: inhibit Penicillin Binding Protein (Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitor) Adverse: N/V/diarrhea *Must combine w/ cilastatin to prevent inactivation in kidney*
28
Vancomycin
Glycopeptide MOA: *steric inhibitor* prevents elongation of peptidoglycan cell wall structure Rx: MRSA, Enterococci, C. diff. Adverse: skin flushing
29
Bacitracin
Polypeptides MOA: blocks incorporation of amino acids / nucleic acids into cell wall Rx: *topical use*
30
Fosfomycin
Phosphoenolypyruvate MOA: inhibition of synthesis of disaccharide molecule Rx: UTIs
31
Erythromycin
Macrolide (Protein Synthesis Inhibitor) MOA: Binds to 50S and impairs translocation to P site Rx: ambulatory pneumonia, hospitalization penumonia (in combo w/ B-lactam) Adverse: N/V/diarrhea
32
Clarithromycin
Macrolide (Protein Synthesis Inhibitor) MOA: Binds to 50S and impairs translocation to P site Rx: ambulatory pneumonia, hospitalization penumonia (in combo w/ B-lactam) Adverse: N/V/diarrhea
33
Azithromycin
Macrolide (Protein Synthesis Inhibitor) MOA: Binds to 50S and impairs translocation to P site Rx: ambulatory pneumonia, hospitalization penumonia (in combo w/ B-lactam) Adverse: N/V/diarrhea
34
Tetracycline
Tetracycline (Protein synthesis inhibitor) MOA: binds to 30S, prevents binding of new tRNA to A site Rx: Broad-spectrum --> bacteriostatic SE: binds Ca, disrupts flora, photosensitivity
35
Minocycline
Tetracycline (Protein synthesis inhibitor) MOA: binds to 30S, prevents binding of new tRNA to A site Rx: Broad-spectrum --> bacteriostatic SE: binds Ca, disrupts flora, photosensitivity
36
Tigercycline
Tetracycline (Protein synthesis inhibitor) MOA: binds to 30S, prevents binding of new tRNA to A site Rx: Broad-spectrum --> bacteriostatic SE: binds Ca, disrupts flora, photosensitivity
37
Doxycycline
Tetracycline (Protein synthesis inhibitor) MOA: binds to 30S, prevents binding of new tRNA to A site Rx: Broad-spectrum --> bacteriostatic SE: binds Ca, disrupts flora, photosensitivity
38
Clindamycin
Protein Synthesis Inhibitor MOA: binds to 50S, prevents formation of initiation complex and translocation to P site Rx: ST infections, MRSA SE: GI, dev. of C. diff.
39
Chloramphenicol
Protein Synthesis Inhibitor MOA: binds to 50S, prevents peptide bond formation Rx: serious infections, eye infections SE: ↓ RBC production, Gray Baby Syndrome
40
Linezolid
Oxazolidinone (Protein Synthesis Inhibitor) MOA: binds to P site of 50S and targets *first tRNA* Rx: Gram (+), resistant strains SE: myelosuppression
41
Sulfadiazine
Sulfonamide (antifolate) MOA: compete w/ PABA for dihydropteroate synthase and block dihydrofolic acid synthesis Rx: UTI SE: Steven-Johnson syndrome
42
Sulfamethonazole
Sulfonamide (antifolate) MOA: compete w/ PABA for dihydropteroate synthase and block dihydrofolic acid synthesis Rx: UTI SE: Steven-Johnson syndrome
43
Sulfamethizole
Sulfonamide (antifolate) MOA: compete w/ PABA for dihydropteroate synthase and block dihydrofolic acid synthesis Rx: UTI SE: Steven-Johnson syndrome
44
Trimethoprim
Trimethoprim (Antifolate) MOA: inhibits bacterial dihydrofolate reductase Rx: UTIs SE: BM suppression
45
Pyrimethamine
Trimethoprim (Antifolate) MOA: inhibits bacterial dihydrofolate reductase Rx: UTIs SE: BM suppression
46
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX)
Antifolate MOA: synergistic activity when combing the two drugs Rx: UTIs and prostatitis SE: those seen w/ each agent alone (BM suppression / Steven-Johnson Syndrome)
47
Ciprofloxacin
Fluoroquinolone (DNA synthesis inhibitor) MOA: inhibit topoisomerase II and IV (prevent winding and separation of DNA) Rx: UTI, STI, respiratory, anthrax SE: N/V/D, bind divalent cations, QT prolongation
48
Levofloxacin
Fluoroquinolone (DNA synthesis inhibitor) MOA: inhibit topoisomerase II and IV (prevent winding and separation of DNA) Rx: UTI, STI, respiratory, anthrax SE: N/V/D, bind divalent cations, QT prolongation
49
Norfloxacin
Least active Fluoroquinolone (DNA synthesis inhibitor) MOA: inhibit topoisomerase II and IV (prevent winding and separation of DNA) Rx: UTI, STI, respiratory, anthrax SE: N/V/D, bind divalent cations, QT prolongation
50
Ofloxacin
Fluoroquinolone (DNA synthesis inhibitor) MOA: inhibit topoisomerase II and IV (prevent winding and separation of DNA) Rx: UTI, STI, respiratory, anthrax SE: N/V/D, bind divalent cations, QT prolongation
51
Gatifloxacin
Fluoroquinolone (DNA synthesis inhibitor) MOA: inhibit topoisomerase II and IV (prevent winding and separation of DNA) Rx: UTI, STI, respiratory, anthrax SE: N/V/D, bind divalent cations, QT prolongation
52
Gemifloxacin
Fluoroquinolone (DNA synthesis inhibitor) MOA: inhibit topoisomerase II and IV (prevent winding and separation of DNA) Rx: UTI, STI, respiratory, anthrax SE: N/V/D, bind divalent cations, QT prolongation
53
Moxifloxacin
Fluoroquinolone (DNA synthesis inhibitor) MOA: inhibit topoisomerase II and IV (prevent winding and separation of DNA) Rx: UTI, STI, respiratory, anthrax SE: N/V/D, bind divalent cations, QT prolongation
54
Metronidazole
DNA damage MOA: prodrug; undergoes chemical reduction in organism, binds to DNA, causes damage Rx: anaerobic bacteria, protozoa SE: N/V/D, disulfiram-effect (avoid alcohol)
55
Daptomycin
Lipopeptide (targets cell membrane) MOA: causes depolarization of membrane Rx: Gram (+), MRSA SE: musculoskeletal system
56
Polymyxin B
Detergent (targets cell membrane) MOA: binds to phospholipid and disrups cell membrane (LPS) Rx: Gram (-) bacteria
57
Streptomycin
Aminoglycoside (Protein synthesis inhibitor) MOA: Bind to 30S, blocks formation of initiation complex Rx: serious Gram (-) infections (in combo w/ B-lactams) SE: nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity
58
Gentamicin
Aminoglycoside (Protein synthesis inhibitor) MOA: Bind to 30S, blocks formation of initiation complex Rx: serious Gram (-) infections (in combo w/ B-lactams) SE: nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity
59
Kanamycin
Aminoglycoside (Protein synthesis inhibitor) MOA: Bind to 30S, blocks formation of initiation complex Rx: serious Gram (-) infections (in combo w/ B-lactams) SE: nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity
60
Amikacin
Aminoglycoside (Protein synthesis inhibitor) MOA: Bind to 30S, blocks formation of initiation complex Rx: serious Gram (-) infections (in combo w/ B-lactams) SE: nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity
61
Tobramycin
Aminoglycoside (Protein synthesis inhibitor) MOA: Bind to 30S, blocks formation of initiation complex Rx: serious Gram (-) infections (in combo w/ B-lactams) SE: nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity
62
Neomycin
Aminoglycoside (Protein synthesis inhibitor) MOA: Bind to 30S, blocks formation of initiation complex Rx: serious Gram (-) infections (in combo w/ B-lactams) SE: nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity
63
Nosocomial Superbugs
``` Enterococcus faeicium Staphylococcus aureus Klebsiella pneumoniae Acinetobcter baumanni Pseudomonas aeruginosa Enterobacter species ```
64
Daptomycin Resistance
Increased positive charge of cell membrane repels antibiotic
65
Tetracycline Resistance
Efflux pump is expessed on cytoplasmic membrane
66
Metronidazole Resistance
Mutation in reducing enzymes cause impaired activation of prodrug
67
Aminoglycoside Resistance
Phosphorylation, adenylation, and acetylation of the aminoglycoside can alter target binding (bacterial ribosome)
68
Amoxicillin Resistance
Beta-lactamase can hydrolyze the lactam ring and render it ineffective
69
Trimethoprim / Sulfonamide Resistance
Drug-insensitive enzymes dihydropteroate synthase and dihydrofolate reductase
70
Vancomycin Resistance
Substitution on the peptidoglycan stem so that agent can no longer bind to target (build wall without D-alanine)

Antimicrobials / Immune-Related (9 decks)

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