Antibiotics Flashcards by Janell L

What classes of antibiotics inhibit the cell wall?

Inhibitors of Cell Wall Synthesis - peptidoglycan is the key target

Beta-lactams: penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems/monobactams
Glycopeptides
Phosphonic acid

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What is the spectrum of activity of penicillins?

Penicillin

Narrow activity against gram + organisms
- Group A Streptococcus
- Streptococcus pneumonia

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What is the spectrum of activity of aminopenicillins ex. ampicillin, amoxicillin?

Aminopenicillins

Increased gram + activity
- S. pneumoniae
- Enterococcus
Some gram - activity

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What is the MOA of cloxacillin?

Cloxacillin is a penicillin therefore it inhibits the formation of the cell wall. It has potent activity against methicillin-susceptibel S. aureus (MSSA).

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What is the MOA of glycopeptides?

Inhibits cell wall

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What is the MOA of phosphonic acids?

Inhibits cell wall

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What is the MOA of aminoglycosides, macrolides, lincosamides, tetracyclines and oxazolidinone?

Inhibit protein synthesis

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What is the MOA of fluoroquinolones, rifamycins, trimethoprims, nitroimidazoles?

Disruption of DNA & NA synthesis

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What is the mechanism of action of lipopeptide and polymixin?

Disruption of cell membrane

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What is the MOA of nitrofurantoin ex. macrobid?

Disruption of metabolism/respiration

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Penicillin

MOA

Coverage

Organisms

Penicillin

MOA: inhibits cell wall

Coverage: narrow activity against G+ organisms

Organisms: Group A streptococcus, S. pneumonia

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Ampicillin, Amoxicillin

MOA

Coverage

Organisms

Ampicillin, Amoxicillin

MOA: inhibits cell wall

Coverage: increased G+ activity, some G- activity

Organisms: Streptococcus pneumonia, Enterococcus

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Cloxacillin

MOA

Coverage

Organisms

Cloxacillin

MOA: inhibits cell wall

Coverage: G+

Organism: potent activity against methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA)

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Pip/Tazo

MOA

Coverage

Organisms

Piperacillin-Tazobactam

MOA: inhibits cell wall

Coverage: broad spectrum! Activity against G+, G- and anerobes

Organisms: activity against pseudomonas, enterococcus

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1st Gen. Cephalosporins (cefazolin, cephalexin, cefadroxil)

MOA

Coverage

Organisms

1st Gen. Cephalosporins (cefazolin, cephalexin, cefadroxil)

MOA: inhibit cell wall

Coverage: activity against G+ (limited activity against susceptible G-)

Organisms: MSSA, streptococci

*No activity against MRSA, enterococcus

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2nd Gen. Cephalosporins (cefuroxime, cefoxitin, cefprozil)

MOA

Coverage

Organisms

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2nd Gen. Cephalosporins

MOA: cell wall inhibitor

Coverage: G+, G-; increased activity against G- respiratory pathogens

Organisms: Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella

Cefoxitin has activity against anaerobes
No activity against MRSA, enterococcus

3rd Gen. Cephalosporins (ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, cefixime)

MOA

Coverage

Organisms

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3rd Gen. Cephalosporins

MOA: cell wall inhibitor

Coverage: G+, increased activity against G- with CNS penetration

Organism: Neisseria meningitidis

Ceftazidime has activity against Pseudomonas but decreased G+ activity
Cefixme has limited G+ activity
No activity against MRSA, enterococcus

4th Gen. Cephalosporins (Cefepime)

MOA

Coverage

Organisms

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Cefepime

MOA: cell wall inhibitor

Coverage: G+, G-

Organisms: Pseudomnoas aeruginosa

Activity against MRSA and enterococcus
As you move up in generations of cephalosporins you have increased G- activity but the G+ activity becomes less

Carbapenem (meropenem, ertapenem)

MOA

Coverage

Organisms

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Carbapenems (meropenem, ertapenem)

MOA: cell wall inhibitor

Coverage: broad spectrum including aerobes and anaerobes

Organisms: resistant G- including Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter

Ertapenems ahs no activity against Pseudomonas
Variable activity against Enterococcus

Glycopeptides (Vancomycin, Teicoplanin)

MOA

Coverage

Organisms

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Glycopeptides (Vancomycin)

MOA: cell wall inhibitor

Coverage: G+

Organisms: Resistant staphylococci, MRSA, resistant S. pneumoniae, Enterococcus, po formulation aginst C. diff only

Monobactams (Aztreonam)

MOA

Coverage

Organisms

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Monobactams (aztreonam)

MOA: cell wall inhibitor

Coverage: G-

Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Clindamycin

MOA

Coverage

Organisms

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Clindamycin (Lincosamide)

MOA: protein synthesis inhibitor

Coverage: activity against G+ and anaerobes

Organisms: Viridans Streptococcus, Streptococcus pneumoniae

Activity against some MRSA strains

Aminoglycosides (Gentamicin, tobramycin)

MOA

Coverage

Organisms

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Aminoglycosides (gentamicin, tobramycin)

MOA: protein synthesis inhibitor

Coverage: Activity against G- including Pseudomonas, no activity against anaerobes

Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Tetracyclines (Tetracyclin, minoclycline, doxycycline)

MOA

Coverage

Organisms

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Tetracyclines (Tetracyclin, minoclycline, doxycycline)

MOA: protein synthesis inhibitor

Coverage: G+ and G- including RT pathogens, atypicals, ricketsial infections, malaria, activity against some MRSA strains

Organisms: Chlamlydia

Macrolides (Erythromycin, Clarithromycin, Azithromycin) MOA Coverage Organisms

Macrolides (Erythromycin, Clarithromycin, Azithromycin) MOA: protein synthesis inhibitor Coverage: G+ and some G- * Activity against S. pneumoniae, RT pathogens and atypicals (mycoplasma, chlamydia, Legionella) * Activity against Group A streptococcus, MSSAm (increase resistance) * Activity against some GI pathogens * Activity against some non-tuberculous mycobacteria

Fluoroquinolones (Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacinm Moxifloxacin) MOA Coverage Organisms

Fluoroquinolones (Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacinm Moxifloxacin) MOA: DNA synthesis inhibitor Coverage: G+, G-, activity against atypicals Organisms: Cipro has activity against Pseudomonas but limited against S. pneumoniae

Nitroimidazoles (Metronidazole) MOA Coverage Organisms

Nitroimidazoles (Metronidazole) MOA: DNA synthesis inhibitor Coverage: potent activity against anaerobes, G+, G- Organisms: activity against C. diff, activity agianst intestinal protozoa including Entamoeba, Giardia

What bugs are commonly associated with the skin?

Skin G+ * Staphylococcus aureus (part of normal flora) * Coagulase negative Staph (S. Epidermis) (part of normal flora) * Group A Streptococccus (S. Pyogenes) * Group C and G Streptococccus * Viridans Strep (part of normal flora) * Corynebacterium (part of normal flora) G- * Pseudomonas aeruginosa

What bugs are commonly associated with the GI tract?

GI Bugs G+ * Viridans streptococcus (part of normal flora) * Enterococcus (part of normal flora) * Peptostreptococcus and Finegoldia * Lactobacillus (part of normal flora) * Clostridium difficile * Clostridium perfringens G- * Vibrio cholerae * Helicobacter pylori * Campylobacter * Veionella (part of normal flora) * Enterobacteriaceae * Bacteroides Fragilis (part of normal flora)

What are some bugs associated with the respiratory tract?

Respiratory Tract G+ * Strep. pneumo. G- * Neisseria meningitidis * Legionella Yeast-Like Fungus: Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia Mold: Aspergillus

Antibiotics Flashcards

(31 cards)