Antibiotics

Question 1

Class/MOA? - Ampicillin

Answer 1

Cell Wall Inhibitor - Penicillin - 1) Bind PBP, 2) Destroy Cell Wall

Question 2

Class/MOA? - Aztreonam

Answer 2

Cell Wall Inhibitor - Monobactam - 1) Bind PBP, 2) Destroy Cell Wall

Question 3

Class/MOA? - Penicillin G

Answer 3

Cell Wall Inhibitor - Penicillin - 1) Bind PBP, 2) Destroy Cell Wall

Question 4

Class/MOA? - Imipenem

Answer 4

Cell Wall Inhibitor - Penicillin - 1) Bind PBP, 2) Destroy Cell Wall

Question 5

Class/MOA? - Clavulanic Acid

Answer 5

Beta - Lactamase

Question 6

Class/MOA? - Cilastin

Answer 6

DHP1 inhibitor - More importantly, reduces renal toxicity of Imipenem

Question 7

Class/MOA? - Tazobactam

Answer 7

Beta - Lactamase

Question 8

Class/MOA? - Ceftriazone

Answer 8

Cell Wall Inhibitor - 3rd Cephalosporin - 1) Bind PBP, 2) Destroy Cell Wall

Question 9

Class/MOA? - Cephalexin

Answer 9

Cell Wall Inhibitor - 1st Cephalosporin - 1) Bind PBP, 2) Destroy Cell Wall

Question 10

Class/MOA? - Vancomycin

Answer 10

Cell Wall Inhibitor - Glycoprotein - D-ALA-D-ALA Transglycosylation inhibitor
Effective only against gam positive bacteria

Question 11

Class/MOA? - Fosfomycin

Answer 11

Cell Wall Inhibitor - Enolpyruvyl transferase inhibitor (_F_osfomycin acts on the _F_irst part of cell wall synthesis)

Question 12

Class/MOA? - Gentamicin

Answer 12

Protein Synthesis Inhibitor - Aminoglycoside - Bind 30S, preventing AUG start codon ?. OR?. Punches a hole in the outer membrane (thought to give it its bactericidal effect)
more effective against aerobes, takes energy to enter the cell

Question 13

Class/MOA? - Azithromycin

Answer 13

Protein Synthesis Inhibitor - Macrolides - 23S of 50S - Peptidyl Transfer - Prevents growing of protein

Question 14

Class/MOA? - Clarithromycin

Answer 14

Protein Synthesis Inhibitor - Macrolides - 23S of 50S - Peptidyl Transfer - Prevents growing of protein

Question 15

Class/MOA? - Erythromycin

Answer 15

Protein Synthesis Inhibitor - Macrolides - 23S of 50S - Peptidyl Transfer - Prevents growing of protein

Question 16

Class/MOA? - Clindamycin

Answer 16

Protein Synthesis Inhibitor - Lincosamides - 23S of 50S - Peptidyl Transfer - Prevents growing of protein

Question 17

Class/MOA? - Linezolid

Answer 17

Protein Synthesis Inhibitor - OxaZOLIDinones -Drug of Last Resort, MOA not mentioned, but it binds a unique portion of 50S

Question 18

Class/MOA? - Doxycycline

Answer 18

Protein Synthesis Inhibitor - TetraCYCLINES -16S of 30S - prevents growing of protein

Question 19

Class/MOA? - Tigecycline

Answer 19

Protein Synthesis Inhibitor - TetraCYCLINES -16S of 30S - prevents growing of protein

Question 20

Class/MOA? - Mupirocin

Answer 20

Protein Synthesis Inhibitor - Isoleucyl transfer-RNA synthetase inhibitor

Question 21

Class/MOA? - Chloramphenicol

Answer 21

Protein Synthesis Inhibitor - 50S - Transpeptidation inhibitor
can interfere with MOA of macrolides and other 50s if given concurrently

Question 22

Class/MOA? - Quinupristin/Dalfopristin

Answer 22

Protein Synthesis Inhibitor - Streptogramins - Synergistic transformations of the 50S

Question 23

Class/MOA? - Ciprofloxacin

Answer 23

Nucleic Acid/Metabolite InhibitorFloroquinolones - TOPO2/4 (-/+)

Question 24

Class/MOA? - Rifampin

Answer 24

Nucleic Acid/Metabolite InhibitorRifamycins - Prevents RNA polymerase initiation

Question 25

Class/MOA? - Metronidazole

Answer 25

Nucleic Acid/Metabolite InhibitorNitroimiDAZOLEs - Prodrug - requires anaerobic activation - toxic to DNA

Question 26

Class/MOA? - Cotrimoxale (Bactrim, Septra, SMX-TMP)

Answer 26

Nucleic Acid/Metabolite InhibitorSulfonamide - DHF Reductase Inhibitor (SMX-TMP) - Sequential inhibitors of THF

Question 27

Class/MOA? - Daptomycin

Answer 27

Nucleic Acid/Metabolite InhibitorLipopeptide antibiotics - Rapid depolarization of membrane

Question 28

Class/MOA? - Fidaxomicin

Answer 28

Nucleic Acid/Metabolite InhibitorInhibits RNA Polymerase - Sigma Dependent Transcription

Question 29

Trademark Use - Fidaxomicin

Answer 29

C. diff

Question 30

Trademark Use - Beta-lactams (Broadly)

Answer 30

Gram Positive

Question 31

Trademark Use - Cefazolin

Answer 31

Surgical prophylaxis

Question 32

Trademark Use - Cephalexin

Answer 32

Most common outpatient

Question 33

Trademark Use - Ceftriaxone

Answer 33

STDs/Pediatric meningitis

Question 34

Trademark Use - Cefepime

Answer 34

Pseudomonal infections

Question 35

Trademark Use - IV Vancomycin

Answer 35

Resistant organisms

Question 36

Trademark Use - Oral Vancomycin

Answer 36

C diff colitis

Question 37

Trademark Use - Aminoglycosides

Answer 37

Gram neg, best against aerobes

Question 38

Trademark Use - Infections that recruit macrophages

Answer 38

Azithromycin

Question 39

Trademark Use - Topical antibiotic - effective for MRSA

Answer 39

Mupirocin

Question 40

Trademark Use - Mycobacterial infections (TB!!)

Answer 40

Rifampin

Question 41

Trademark Use - Biofilms

Answer 41

Rifampin

Question 42

Trademark Use - CNS distribution +++++++

Answer 42

Rifampin

Question 43

Trademark Use - Metronidazole

Answer 43

Anaerobic bacteria

Question 44

Trademark adverse effect - Ototoxicity

Answer 44

Aminoglycoside (why many of these are eye/ear drops)

Question 45

Trademark adverse effect - Cross-reactivity to Penincillins

Answer 45

Cephalosporins (Supposedly 10% of cases)

Question 46

Trademark adverse effect - Kidney toxicity - in the brush border of proximal tubular cells

Answer 46

Imipenem and Aminglycosides

Question 47

Trademark adverse effect - Di-sulfiram-like reaction

Answer 47

Metronidazole - Not mentioned in his lecture, but trust me. It will appear somewhere, someday on an exam. (Disulfiram (Antabuse) causes intense nausea and projectile vomit when in contact with ethanol)

Question 48

Trademark adverse effect - Inactivated by pulmonary surfectant (not really a side effect)

Answer 48

Daptomycin