Beta-lactams - Representative members - Target - Mode of action - Resistance

- Penicillin G - Cephalosporin: ceftriaxone - Clavam: clavulanic acid - Carbapenem: imipenem - Monobactam: aztreonam - Target: penicillin-binding-proteins - MoA: transpeptidation inhibitor - Resistance: Beta-lactamases, mutant PBPs

Glycopeptide - Representative members - Target - Mode of action - Resistance

- Vancomycin - Target: Lipid II precursor (D-Ala, D-Ala portion of LII) - MoA: blocks cell wall synthesis substrate - Resistance: variant Lipid II

Macrolides - Representative members - Target - Mode of action - Resistance

- Erythromycin, azithromycin - Target: ribosome (50S) - MoA: Translation inhibition - Resistance: target modification

Tetracyclines - Representative members - Target - Mode of action - Resistance

- Doxycycline - Target: ribosome (30S) - MoA: translation inhibition - Resistance: drug efflux via efflux pumps

Oxazolidinones - Representative members - Target - Mode of action - Resistance

- Linezolid - Target: ribosome (23S rRNA) - MoA: Translation inhibition (initiation) - Resistance: target modification

Aminoglycosides - Representative members - Target - Mode of action - Resistance

- Gentamycin, amikacin, kanamycin, tobramycin (A meanie: gentle, amicable, kan (of) c(t)obras) - Target: ribosome (30S) - MoA: translation inhibition - Resistance: drug modification (aminoglycoside modifying enzymes)

Streptogramins - Representative members - Target - Mode of action - Resistance

- Pristinamycin - Target: ribosome - MoA: translation inhibition - Resistance: target modification

Rifamycins - Representative members - Target - Mode of action - Resistance

- N/A - Target: RNA polymerase - MoA: Transcription inhibition (stalls trx via RNA pol interxn) - Resistance: Target modification

- Ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin - Target: topoisomerase - MoA: inhibits DNA replication (topoisomerase/DNA gyrase) - Resistance: target modification

Sulfonamides - Representative members - Target - Mode of action - Resistance

- Sulfamethoxazole - Target: folate synthesis (dihydropteroate synthetase) - MoA: synthesis inhibition - Resistance: target modification

Lincosamides - Representative members - Target - Mode of action - Resistance

- Clindamycin - Target: ribosome (50S) - MoA: translation inhibition - Resistance: target modification

Antibiotics Flashcards by Amanda Kim

Classes of antibiotics by general targets

Cell wall

Beta-lactams
Glycopeptides

Translation (Protein synthesis)

Macrolides
Oxazolidinones
Tetracyclines
Aminoglycosides
Lincosamides
Streptogramins

Transcription (mRNA synthesis)
- Rifamycins

DNA synthesis
- Fluoroquinolones

Folate synthesis
- TMP-SMX

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Beta-lactams

Representative members
Target
Mode of action
Resistance

Penicillin G
Cephalosporin: ceftriaxone
Clavam: clavulanic acid
Carbapenem: imipenem
Monobactam: aztreonam
Target: penicillin-binding-proteins
MoA: transpeptidation inhibitor
Resistance: Beta-lactamases, mutant PBPs

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Glycopeptide

Representative members
Target
Mode of action
Resistance

Vancomycin
Target: Lipid II precursor (D-Ala, D-Ala portion of LII)
MoA: blocks cell wall synthesis substrate
Resistance: variant Lipid II

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Macrolides

Representative members
Target
Mode of action
Resistance

Erythromycin, azithromycin
Target: ribosome (50S)
MoA: Translation inhibition
Resistance: target modification

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Tetracyclines

Representative members
Target
Mode of action
Resistance

Doxycycline
Target: ribosome (30S)
MoA: translation inhibition
Resistance: drug efflux via efflux pumps

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Oxazolidinones

Representative members
Target
Mode of action
Resistance

Linezolid
Target: ribosome (23S rRNA)
MoA: Translation inhibition (initiation)
Resistance: target modification

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Aminoglycosides

Representative members
Target
Mode of action
Resistance

Gentamycin, amikacin, kanamycin, tobramycin (A meanie: gentle, amicable, kan (of) c(t)obras)
Target: ribosome (30S)
MoA: translation inhibition
Resistance: drug modification (aminoglycoside modifying enzymes)

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Streptogramins

Representative members
Target
Mode of action
Resistance

Pristinamycin
Target: ribosome
MoA: translation inhibition
Resistance: target modification

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Rifamycins

Representative members
Target
Mode of action
Resistance

N/A
Target: RNA polymerase
MoA: Transcription inhibition (stalls trx via RNA pol interxn)
Resistance: Target modification

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Fluoroquinolones

Ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin
Target: topoisomerase
MoA: inhibits DNA replication (topoisomerase/DNA gyrase)
Resistance: target modification

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Sulfonamides

Representative members
Target
Mode of action
Resistance

Sulfamethoxazole
Target: folate synthesis (dihydropteroate synthetase)
MoA: synthesis inhibition
Resistance: target modification

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Lincosamides

Representative members
Target
Mode of action
Resistance

Clindamycin
Target: ribosome (50S)
MoA: translation inhibition
Resistance: target modification

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Lipopeptide

- Representative member

Daptomycin

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Bactericidals antibiotics

beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones

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Bacteriostatics

Vancomycin, tetracyclines, macrolides, sulfonamides

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Most gram positive cocci (___) can be treated with ___ except _____.

(Staph and strep)
Penicillin
MRSA, S.epidermidis, enterococcus

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Almost all zoonotic diseases can be treated with ____ except ____.

Doxycycline

- B. anthracis, Bartonella (cat-scratch only)

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S. aureus

Penicillase resistant penicillins (e.g. nafcillin)

Beta hemolytic, coagulase positive, catalase positive, ferments mannitol, yellow culture

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MRSA

Vancomycin, clindamycin, linezolid, daptomycin, TMP-SMX

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S. epidermidis

Very drug resistant. Vancomycin

Catalase positive, urease positive, coagulase negative, novobiocin sensitive

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S. saprophyticus

Penicillin, TMP-SMX

Catalase positive, urease positive, coagulase negative, novobiocin resistant

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Strep pyogenes (GAS)

Penicillin, erythromycin, clindamycin (if really bad)

Beta-hemolytic, bacitracin sensitive, ASO titer (anti SLO), culture, rapid strep

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Strep agalactiae (GBS)

Study These Flashcards

Penicillin, ampicillin (intrapartum); swab at 35 wks to check colonization

Beta-hemolytic, CAMP test positive (increasing zone of hemolysis when plated with S. aureus; arrowhead), Bacitracin resistant, hippurate positive

Enterococcus faecalis (GDS)

Study These Flashcards

(Resistant to most things)
Linezolid, ampicillin, Vancomycin + aminoglycosides

Can grow in 6.5%NaCl, Bile resistant

Strep viridans

Penicillin Bile resistant, optochin resistant

Strep pneumo

Penicillin, other beta lactams but high resistance Ceftriaxone, Macrolides (erythromycin) Pneumovax (adults) 23 capsular vax, IgM Prevnar (kids) 7 capsular vax, IgG Optochin sensitive, bile sensitive

Corynebacterium diptheriae - Trx - Dx - Virulence factor

- Diptheria antitoxin before any antibiotics to neutralize toxin - Erythromycin (also for contacts) - TdAP vax - Loeffler's medium, tellurite - Pseudomembrane oropharynx - AB toxin ADP-ribosylates EF2 preventing protein synthesis

Bordatella pertussis - Trx - Virulence factor

- Antipertussis toxin Ig - Erythromycin & TMP-SMX (also for contacts) but antibiotics unlikely to change outcomes -- for dissemination - TdAP vax - AB toxin ribosylates Gi, increasing cAMP

Legionella pneumophila

Azithromycin Buffered charcoal yeast extract agar Air conditioning bug

Pseudomonas

Piperacillin, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones

Neisseria meningitis

- IM ceftriaxone followed by IV - Rifampin, ceftriaxone, or cipro for close contacts - Chocolate agar, Thayer Martin media, oxidase positive, ferments maltose and glucose

Neisseria gonorrhae

- Dual therapy: Ceftriaxone + azithromycin/doxycycline | - Chocolate agar, TM media, oxidase positive, ferments glucose, PCR

Haemophilus influenza

- Severe cases: IV Ceftriaxone - Ampicillin + sulbactam, oral ciprofloxacine - Chocolate agar + Factor V and X; catalase and oxidase positive; gram negative coccobacilli

Haemophilus ducreyi

Azithromycin or erythromycin (oral)

Listeria monocytogenes

Ampicillin, TMP-SMX, erythromycin

T.pallidum

(Syphilis, Bejel, Yaws, Pinta) - Penicillin G - Doxycycline if beta-lactam allergy

Borrelia burgdorferi

(Lyme) - Uncomplicated: doxycycline, ampicillin, or cefuroxime axetil - Neuro/cardiac forms: ceftriaxone or penicillin G (IV)

Borrelia recurrentis

- Doxycycline, penicillin, erythromycin

Leptospira interrogans

- Doxycycline

Clostridium botulinum - All clostridia structure?

- Immediate injxn of antitoxin - Supportive therapy until paralysis abates - Anaerobic, gram positive, spore-forming

Clostridium tetani

- Immediate injxn of antitoxin - TdAP - Surgical debridement - Supportive therapy

Clostridium perfringens

Gas gangrene (alpha toxin = lecithinase, destroys local tissue, hydrogen gas) - Surgical debridement/amputation - Hyperbaric O2 chamber - Penicillin, clindamycin, metronidazol, chloramphenicol Food poisoning: symptomatic trx only Dx: Nagler rxn, Stormy fermentation

C. difficile

Oral vancomycin, fidaxomycin Probiotics Fecal transplant Surgical removal of defective bowel

E.coli

Oral rehydration/symptomatic trx for all

Shigella

Oral rehydration Fluoroquinolone Ceftriaxone for kids

Salmonella (general gastroenteritis)

Oral rehydration | Severe cases: ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, ampicillin

Salmonella (typhoid)

Ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, azithromycin

V.cholera

Moderate: Rapid rehydration with ORS Severe: IV rehydration, doxycycline, macrolides Zinc supplemntation

Bartonella

- Cat-scratch: azithromycin | - All else: doxycycline

Chlamydia

Azithromycin, doxycycline

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Macrolides, fluoroquinolones

Mycobaterium tuberculosis

- RIPE: rifampin, INH, pyrazinamide, ethambutol - Latent: rifampin, INH - Multi-drug resistant: Sirturo

M. leprae

Dapsone, rifampicin, clofazimine

Actinomyces israelii

Penicillin G, abscess drainage

Nocardia

TMP-SMX

Yersinia pestis

Aminoglycosides (Streptomycin, gentamycin) or fluoroquinolones

B. Anthracis

Ciprofloxacin for 8 weeks | Anti-PA antitoxin

Antibiotics Flashcards

(57 cards)