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Intro. to Pharmacology > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

(150 cards)

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1
Q

A patient complains of a side effect from the antibiotics he/she is taking. What should you do next?

A
  1. Report findings on patient’s chart

2. Consult with physician with findings

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2
Q

What is the sole use of antibiotics?

A

To kill or prevent bacterial growth

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3
Q

Why must patients take their full dosage of antibiotics and for the given length of time it is prescribed?

A

To prevent antibacterial resistance

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4
Q

Describe Empiric Therapy

A

The administration of antibiotics before the infecting bacteria is known

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5
Q

What is a superbug?

A

Any bacteria or organism that is resistant to antibiotics and other medications

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6
Q

Describe clinical response

A

Clinical response is when a pt’s symptoms are alleviated from the use of medications

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7
Q

Describe biological response

A

A biological response is when the invading organism is being reduced in number and eventually erradicated

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8
Q

What is normal flora?

A

Normal flora is the body’s naturally occurring bacteria that aids in keeping the body in homeostasis. This flora is considered healthy.

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9
Q

What impact does antibiotics have on normal flora?

A

Alters the balance of the flora and can cause an opportunistic infection

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10
Q

What is vaginal candidiasis?

A

A yeast infection of the vagina

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11
Q

What type of infection occurs with vaginal candidiasis?

A

Opportunistic infection

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12
Q

Describe an opportunistic infection and give an example

A

An opportunistic infection is when an organism takes the advantage of an opportunity not normally available. Such as when the host is immunocompromised. An example is vaginal candidiasis.

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13
Q

Which group of drugs has the highest rate of adverse reactions?

A

Sulfonamides

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14
Q

What is the most common type of reaction to sulfonamides?

A

Rash

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15
Q

Describe “Steven Johnson Rash”

A

A body-wide rash that can become fatal. This rash does not occur in the palms or soles of the feet.

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16
Q

What is the main use for sulfonamides?

A

UTI’s

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17
Q

Referring to the list below, if a patient is allergic to C, what other sulfonamides is this patient allergic to?

A. Bactrim
B. sulfasalazine
C. sulfisoxazole
D. Septra
A

If the patient is allergic to C- sulfisoxazole, the patient is allergic to all other sulfonamides.

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18
Q

What is the brand name for sulfamethoxazole trimethoprim?

A

Bactrim

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19
Q

What is another brand name for sulfamethoxazole trimethoprim other than Bactrim?

A

Septra

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20
Q

Referring to sulfonamides, what is another brand name/ manufacture for Septra that is commonly used?

A

Bactrim

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21
Q

What is the generic name for Septra/ Bactrim

A

sulfamethoxazole trimethoprim

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22
Q

What is the brand name for sulfasalazine?

A

Azulfidine

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23
Q

What is the generic name for Azulfidine?

A

sulfasalazine

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24
Q

What is the brand name of sulfisoxazole

A

Gantrisin

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25
What is the generic name of Gantrisin?
Sulfasoxazole
26
What type of antibiotic is sulfonamides?
Broad spectrum
27
What is the brand name of nitrofurantoin?
Macrodantin
28
What is the generic name of Macrobid?
nitrofurantoin
29
True/false If a pt. has never had a reaction to antibiotics he/she will not develop a reaction.
False. Antibiotic reactions can occur at any age and at random
30
What are the two drugs of choice for pt's who have a sulfa allergy?
Cipro/ciprofloxacin and Macrodantin/nitrofurantoin
31
What is the side effect of using nitrofurantoin/ Macrodantin?
Urine can become brown in pigment
32
Should nitrofurantoin/ Macrodantin be taken with food?
Yes
33
What is the brand name for ciprofloxacin?
Cipro
34
What is the generic name of Cipro?
ciprofloxacin
35
Should penicillin drugs be taken with food?
No
36
Which penicillin drug can be taken with food?
amoxicillin
37
Which exposure causes the most likely cause of a reaction when using antibiotics? A. First exposure B. Fifth exposure
B. Fifth exposure | Repeated exposure to antibiotics increases the chance of reaction
38
What interaction does alcohol have on penicillin drugs?
Renders penicillin drugs useless.
39
Which type of medication must be taken with food, as discussed in class?
All NSAIDS must be taken with food.
40
What negative physiological effect do NSAIDS have if not taken with food?
Peptic ulcers can form over time
41
What type of antibiotic is the following drugs? A. dicloxacillin/ Dycil B. ticarcillin C. amoxicillin- clavulanate/ Augmentin
Antibiotic resistant penicillins
42
What is the brand name of dicloxacillin
Dycil
43
Name a commonly used extended-spectrum pinicillin
ticarcillin
44
What is the brand name of amoxicillin-clavulanate?
Augmentin
45
What is the generic name of Augmentin?
amoxicillin-clavulanate
46
Which sulfonamide can stain contact lenses?
sulfasalazine/ Azulfidine
47
What is recommended to take along with any antibiotic?
Water
48
Does alcohol only affect penicillin medications?
No, it can affect all medications
49
How is penicillin G administered?
By injection/ IM
50
How is penicillin V(K) administered?
PO
51
What is the abbreviation for penicillin?
PCN
52
How is IM/IV medications measured?
In units
53
What is the drug of choice for STD's?
penicillin
54
What is the drug of choice for lower respiratory infections?
penicillin
55
Should penicillins be taken with food? Are there any exceptions?
Penicillins should not be taken with food, only amoxicillin can be taken with food
56
What are the typical reactions associated with penicillin medications?
Moderate to severe
57
What is the drug of choice for children?
Amoxicillin
58
What is the generic name of Principen?
ampicillin
59
Which of the penicillins was used as a way to test for "Mono?"
ampicillin
60
What side effects are associated with penicillin?
n/v, diarrhea, rash, edema, "furry tongue"
61
What intervention should be done stat for a pt. who has a reaction to penicillin
Taken off of the penicillin regemin immediately
62
What % chance does a pt. have of being allergic to cephalosporins if they are allergic to penicillin? A. 15% B. 25% C. 50% D. 10%
D. 10%
63
What are the two typical signs of infection
Fever equal to or
64
What do all antibiotics, anti-virals, and anti-fungals have in common in regards to females?
Affects the efficacy of birth control
65
What is penicillinase?
An enzyme that can inactivate the effects of penicillin, rendering it useless
66
What penicillin based antibiotic is used for penicillinase producing bacteria?
dicloxacillin/ Dycil
67
What type of infections do cephalosporins treat?
Nosocomial and community acquired infections
68
How many generations do cephalosporins have?
Four generations
69
Name a 1st generation cephalosporin
cephalexin/ Keflex
70
What is the brand name of cephalexin?
Keflex
71
What is the generic name of Keflex?
cephalexin
72
Which cephalosporin is the drug of choice for skin infections?
cephalexin/ Keflex
73
Name a second generation cephalosporin
cefaclor/ Ceclor
74
What is the brand name of cefaclor?
Ceclor
75
What is the generic name of Ceclor?
cefaclor
76
Name two common 3rd generation cephalosporins
cefixime/ Suprax | ceftriaxone/ Rocephin
77
What is the brand of cefixime?
Suprax
78
What is the generic of Suprax?
cefixime
79
What is the generic of Rocephin
ceftriaxone
80
What is the brand of ceftriaxone?
Rocephin
81
List three other 3rd generation cephalosporins, other than Suprax and Rocephin
Fortaz, Claforan, and Omnicef
82
What is the rule of thumb for cefixime/ Suprax administration by IM?
1cc above waist | Above 3cc below waist
83
What was the first cephalosporin to be made for PO administration?
cefixime/ Suprax
84
What type of administration is ceftriaxone/ Rocephin?
Injection
85
What can ceftriaxone/ Rocephin be mixed with, when injecting into a pt.?
Sterile water or lidocaine
86
If a pathogen is resistant to penicillin, which cephalosporin is the drug of choice for gonorrhea?
ceftriaxone/ Rocephin
87
Which of the cephalosporins is generally a good broad spectrum antibiotic?
ceftriaxone/ Rocephin
88
What three things should drugs be hidden from?
Kids, pets, and non-compliant pt's
89
What is the best place to store medications in a house? Why?
Bedroom. Low humidity and a more controlled environment
90
What are tetracyclines the drug of choice for?
Acne vulgaris and infectious diarrhea
91
What happens to tetracyclines after the expiration date?
Turns toxic
92
What group of antibiotics turns toxic after the expiration date?
Tetracyclines
93
Should dairy products be consumed with tetracyclines?
No
94
Are antiacids ok to consume with tetracyclines?
No
95
Should sun exposure be limited when taking tetracyclines?
Yes
96
What major effect does tetracyclines have on fetus's
Permanently discolors the teeth. Baby and Adult teeth
97
What age group should not be given tetracyclines?
0-12 y/o
98
Should macrolides be taken with milk?
Yes
99
What is the drug of choice for Upper Respiratory Infections?
Macrolides
100
What was the first developed macrolide?
erythromycin
101
Are macrolides considered safe?
Yes
102
What are ketolides mainly used for?
pneumonia
103
What is the most common side effect of ketolides?
blurred vision/ impaired ability to focus vision
104
What is the drug of choice for UTI's, prostitis, gonorrhea, and infectious diarrhea?
Quinolones
105
doxycycline is what type of medication?
tetracycline
106
minocycline is what type of medication?
tetracycline
107
Name three tetracycline medications
tetracycline, minocycline, doxycycline
108
What is the brand of azithromycin
Zithromax
109
what is the generic of Zithromax?
azithromycin
110
what is the brand of clarithromycin?
Biaxin
111
what is the generic of Biaxin
clarithromycin
112
erythromycin is what type of antibiotic?
Macrolide
113
azithromycin/ Zithromax and clarithromycin/ Biaxin are what kind of antibiotics?
Macrolides
114
What is a common ketolide?
Ketek
115
What is the brand of ciprofloxacin
Cipro
116
what is the generic of Cipro
ciprofloxacin
117
what is the brand of levofloxacin
Levaquin
118
What is the generic of Levaquin
levofloxacin
119
What age group is Cipro not given to?
Anyone under age 18
120
Why do athletes and pt's under the age of 18 not get a prescription for Cipro?
Effects cartilage
121
What is the drug of choice for UTI's caused by catheters?
Levaquin
122
Can a pt. drink milk or take antiacids when taking Quinolones?
No
123
What body system is affected by quinolones?
Central nervous system
124
What are aminoglycosides used for?
The worst bacterial infections
125
Is aminoglycosides a drug of choice?
No
126
What two toxic categories is aminoglycoside?
Odotoxic and nephrotoxic
127
Define odotoxic
toxicity to the eyes
128
Define nephrotoxic
Toxic to the kidneys
129
What route is the most effective when using aminoglycosides?
IV
130
How is the administration of aminoglycosides measured?
Peak and trough blood test
131
Are aminoglycosides injected peripherally or central?
Centrally through a PIC line or other central line
132
What happens if a aminoglycoside is given peripherally?
phlebitis
133
What is the most effective aminoglycoside?
gentamicin
134
What is a common side effect of aminoglycoside administration?
Heart palpitations
135
True or false is vancomycin a aminoglycoside?
False
136
Does vancomycin act like an aminoglycoside?
Yes
137
What is vancomycin commonly used for?
c-diff
138
What syndrome is associated with vancomycin therapy?
Red man syndrome
139
What is the drug of choice for bone infections?
clindamycin/ Cleocin
140
Other than bone infections what else is clindamycin/ Cleocin used for?
Acne vulgaris
141
What is meant when a medication is called an adjunct medication?
Used with another medication at the same time
142
What is metronidazole/ Flagyl commonly used for?
clamydia
143
What medication leaves a metallic taste in the mouth?
metronidazole/ Flagyl
144
What is an antabuse reaction?
Body reacting negatively to alcohol consumption
145
What medication is associated with an antabuse reaction?
metronidazole/ Flagyl
146
What bodily cycle is stopped in an antabuse reaction?
kreb cycle
147
Should alcohol be consumed when taking metronidazole/ Flagyl? What is the reaction called?
No, antabuse reaction
148
What is amphotericin B mainly used for?
Bad fungal infections
149
Which drug is associated with "swish and swallow"
nystatin
150
What medication is used on ginetial herpes and shingles?
acyclovir

Intro. to Pharmacology (3 decks)

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