Antibiotics

Question 1

Penicillins (bacteriocidal)

Answer 1

Penicillin G/V
Ampicillin/Amoxicyllin
Amoxicillin/Clavularic acid

Question 2

Tetracyclines (bacteriostatic)

Answer 2

Tetracycline
Oxytetracycline
Doxycycline

Question 3

Quinolones (bacteriocidal) (synthetic origin)

Answer 3

Oxolinic acid
Enrofloxacin/Marbofloxacin
Pradofloxacin/Norfloxacin

Question 4

Sulfonamides (bacteriostatic) (synthetic origin)

Answer 4

Sulfiadiazine

Sulfadiazine/Trimethoprim

Question 5

Phenicols (bacteriostatic)

Answer 5

Chloramphenicol

Florfenicol

Question 6

Cephalosporins (bacteriocidal)

Answer 6

Cefalexin/Cephadroxil
Cefpodoxime/Ceftiofur
Cefovecin, Cefquinome

Question 7

Macrolides (bacteriostatic)

Answer 7

Erythromycin

Tiamulin, Tilmicosin

Question 8

Lincosamides (bacteriostatic)

Answer 8

Lincomycin/Clindamycin

Question 9

Aminoglycosides (bacteriocidal)

Answer 9

Streptomycin
Gentamicin/Neomycin
Amikacin

Question 10

Polypeptides

Answer 10

Colistin/Polymixin

Question 11

Miscellaneous

Answer 11

Metronidazole

Question 12

Carbapenems

Not for veterinary use

Answer 12

Imipenem/Meropenem

Ertapenem/Doripenem

Question 13

Glycopeptides (bacteriocidal)

Not for veterinary use

Answer 13

Vancomycin/Teicoplanin

Question 14

Oxazolidinones

Not for veterinary use

Answer 14

Linezolide

Question 15

B-lactams

Answer 15

Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Carbapenems

Question 16

Antibiotic

Answer 16

chemical substance 1) produced by microorganisms and 2) has the capacity in dilute solution to inhibit the growth OR kill other microorganisms

Question 17

Types of Antimicrobial Use (4)

Answer 17

Therapeutic
Prophylactic
Metaphylactic
Growth Promotion

Question 18

Therapeutic Antimicrobial Use

Answer 18

Used for treatment to cure infection/sick animals

Question 19

Prophylactic Antimicrobial Use

Answer 19

Healthy herds/animals treated to prevent infection

Question 20

Metaphylactic Antimicrobial Use

Answer 20

Diseased herds treated to cure infection in some animals and prevent infection in others

Question 21

Growth Promotion Antimicrobial Use

Answer 21

When healthy animals are treated with sub-therapeutic concentrations in feed to improve growth rate and efficiency of feed utilization, and improve reproductive performance

Question 22

Co-resistance

Answer 22

Co-existence of multiple genes or mutations encoding resistance to different drugs within the same strain or genetic element

Question 23

Co-selection

Answer 23

Selection of multiple resistance genes when one of these genes is selected

(Ex. MRSA in livestock - methicillin and heaven metal resistance)

Question 24

Antimicrobial Modes of Action

Answer 24

Inhibition of

• cell wall synthesis (ex. Penicillins)
• protein synthesis (ex. Tetracyclines)
• DNA synthesis (ex. Fluoroquinolones)
• cell membrane integrity (ex. Colistin)
• other metabolic processes (ex. Sulphonamides)

Question 25

Spectra of Activity for B-lactam: Penicillins

Answer 25

Penicillin G/V (narrow spectrum, Gram +) Methicillin, Oxacillin (antistaph penicillins) Aminopenicillins (more active against Gram -) Carboxypenicillins (active against Pseudomonas and Proteus)

Question 26

Spectra of Activity for B-lactam: Cephalosporins

Answer 26

``` 1st gen (mainly Gram +) 2nd gen (more active against Gram -) 3rd gen (broader spectrum including Pseudomonas) 4th gen (both Gram + and Gram -, less susceptible to B-lactamases) ```

Question 27

Spectra of Activity for B-lactam: Carbapenems

Answer 27

Imipenem, Meropenem | For human use