Antibiotics

Question 1

Bacteriocidal

Answer 1

Kill bacterium

Question 2

Bacteriostatic

Answer 2

inhibit the bacterium from reproducing

Question 3

What antibiotics inhibit cell wall synthesis?

Answer 3

Cycloserine
Vancomycin
Bacitracin
Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Monobactams
Carbapenems

Question 4

What antibiotics inhibit DNA gyrase?

Answer 4

Quinolones: Nalidixic acid or Ciprofloxacin

Novobiocin

Question 5

What antibiotics inhibit Folic acid metabolism?

Answer 5

Trimethroprim

Sulfonamides

Question 6

What antibiotics inhibit Cytoplasmic membrane structure?

Answer 6

Polymyxins

Daptomycin

Question 7

What antibiotics inhibit RNA elongation?

Answer 7

Actinomycin

Question 8

What antibiotics inhibit DNA-directed RNA polymerase?

Answer 8

Rifampin

Streptovaricins

Question 9

What antibiotics inhibit Protein synthesis (50S inhibitors)?

Answer 9

Erythromycin (macrolides)
Chloramphenicol
Clindamycin
Lincomycin

Question 10

What antibiotics inhibit Protein synthesis (30S inhibitors)?

Answer 10

Tetracyclines
Spectinomycin
Streptomycin
Gentamicin
Kanamycin
Amikacin
Nitrofurans

Question 11

What antibiotics inhibit Protein synthesis (tRNA)?

Answer 11

Mupirocin

Puromycin

Question 12

Penicillins

Answer 12

Bacteriocidal

Gram positive, aerobic bacteria and some anerobes

Question 13

What do you add to penicillins for a lactamase protector to cover gram positive and some gram negative bacteria including some anaerobes?

Answer 13

Clavulanic acid

Question 14

What generation of penicillins are for extended spectrum of activity?

Answer 14

New generation penicillins

Question 15

Cephalosporins (Beta-Lactams)

Answer 15

Bacteriocidal
More resistant to Beta-lactamases
Broad spectrum of acivity

Question 16

What are the 1st generation Beta-Lactams?

Answer 16

Cephalexin

Question 17

What are the 2nd generation Beta-Lactams?

Answer 17

Cefotetan

Question 18

What are the 3rd generation Beta-Lactams?

Answer 18

cefovecin

Question 19

What are the side effects of Penicillins and Beta-Lactams?

Answer 19

V/D

allergic reactions

Question 20

Aminoglycosides

Answer 20

Bacteriocidal and bacteriostatic

Gram negative and positive anerobes and some facultative anaerobes

Question 21

What drugs are Aminoglycosides?

Answer 21

Streptomycin
Kanamycin
Gentamycin
tobramycin
amikacin

Question 22

What are the side effects of Aminoglycosides?

Answer 22

Nephrotoxicity

Ototoxicity

Question 23

Polymyxins

Answer 23

Most gram negative bacteria (Pasteurella, Escherichia, Shigella, Salmonella, Bordetella, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas)

Question 24

How do you administer Polymyxins?

Answer 24

Topically

Question 25

What is the side effect of Polymyxins?

Answer 25

Pemphigus vulgaris (skin immune-mediated disease)

Question 26

Chloramphenicol

Answer 26

Broad spectrum bacteriostatic Gram positive Gram negative some anaerobes

Question 27

What are the side effects of Chloramphenicol?

Answer 27

Bone marrow suppression

Question 28

Tetracyclins

Answer 28

Bacteriostatic Aerobic and anaerobic gram positive and negative bacteria, mycobacteria, spirochetes, mycoplasma, rickettsiae, chlamydiae and some protozoa

Question 29

What drugs are Tetracyclins?

Answer 29

Doxycycline | Oxytetracyclin

Question 30

What are the side effects of Tetracyclins?

Answer 30

``` Esophagitis hepatotoxicity anaphylaxis (parental administration) Stain the deciduous teeth of juveniles and cause enamel hypoplasia nephrotoxicity (not doxy) ```

Question 31

Macrolides and Lincosamides

Answer 31

Gram positive bacteria and Rickettsiae | Bacteriocidal

Question 32

What drugs are Macrolides and Lincosamides?

Answer 32

``` Erythromycin Azithromycin tylosin lincomycin/clindamycin Anaerobes and some protozoa ```

Question 33

What are the side effects of Macrolides and Lincosamides?

Answer 33

Nausea pseudomembranous colitis V/D

Question 34

What species do you use Tylosin for?

Answer 34

Cattle

Question 35

Nitroimidazoles

Answer 35

Anaerobic bacteria and protozoa

Question 36

What drugs are Nitroimidazoles?

Answer 36

Metronidazole | Ronidazole

Question 37

What are the side effects of Nitroimidazoles?

Answer 37

Neurological abnormalities Hepatotoxicity Hematuria

Question 38

Nitrofurans

Answer 38

Bacteriocidal Bacteriostatic Broad spectrum of activity - gram negative bacteria Used in urinary infections

Question 39

What are the side effects of Nitrofurans?

Answer 39

Nausea | Vomiting

Question 40

Sulphonamides

Answer 40

Bacteriostatic | Streptococcus, Bacillus, Corynebacterium, Nocardia, Campylobacter, Pasteurella, Chlamydiae)

Question 41

When are Sulphonamides ineffective?

Answer 41

in the presence of pus, necrotic tissue or blood containing PABA

Question 42

PABA

Answer 42

Para-aminobenzoic acid

Question 43

What are the side effects of Sulphonamides?

Answer 43

``` Hepatic disease renal disease uroliths keratoconjunctivits sicca immune-complex reactions hypersensitivities ```

Question 44

What test should you perform before administering Sulphonamides?

Answer 44

Schirmer tear test

Question 45

Quinolones

Answer 45

Bacteriocidal | Broad Spectrum of activity especially gram negative and some gram positives

Question 46

What are the common Quinolones?

Answer 46

``` Enrofloxacin Marbofloxacin Orbifloxacin prodofloxacin ciprofloxacin norfloxacin ```

Question 47

What are the side effects of Quinolones?

Answer 47

CNS: Seizures, retinal blindness in cats, cartilage damage in puppies, increased hepatic enzymes